mgimoreviewВестник МГИМО-УниверситетаMGIMO Review of International Relations2071-81602541-9099MGIMO Universty Press10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-137-145mgimoreview-124Research ArticleПОЛИТОЛОГИЯPOLITICAL SCIENCEПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ БОРЬБА ВОКРУГ РЕФОРМЫ ИММИГРАЦИОННОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА В ПЕРИОД ПРЕЗИДЕНТСТВА ДЖ.У.БУШАPOLITICAL STRUGGLE OVER THE IMMIGRATION REFORM DURING G.W.BUSH PRESIDENCYФилиппенкоА. А.FilippenkoA. A.sfilippenko@gmail.comТеатр им. Моссовета, Москва; МГИМО(У) МИД РФРоссияMossoveta theatre; Moscow State Institute of International RelationsRussian Federation20142806201403(36)137145Copyright © Филиппенко А.А., 20142014Филиппенко А.А.Filippenko A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/124

К началу 2000-х гг. в США находилось около 12 миллионов нелегальных иммигрантов, проблема иммиграционной реформы стояла очень остро. Закон об иммиграции 1990 г. значительно устарел и требовал пересмотра. Подзаконные акты, принятые в связи с требованиями времени необходимо было систематизировать. Белый дом, и лично президент Дж.У. Буш, склонялся к тому, что необходимо провести всеобъемлющую реформу, которая включала бы амнистию определённой части нелегальных иммигрантов. Некоторые конгрессмены были готовы к написанию законопроекта, но произошла трагедия 11 сентября. Иммиграционная политика отошла на второй план и перешла в разряд вопросов национальной безопасности. Законопроекты об иммиграции стали рассматриваться только в тесной связке с законопроектами по укреплению границы. Сложность и необходимость реформирования законодательства хорошо понимал Эдвард Кеннеди, который приложил все силы для достижения компромисса со своими коллегами-республиканцами. Его ближайшим союзником в осуществлении реформы стал Дж. Маккейн. Демократы пошли на значительные уступки, умеренные республиканцы были готовы к реформе, но консерваторы не давали Конгрессу принять новое законодательство, называя любую попытку всеобъемлющей иммиграционной реформы амнистией. За время работы Конгрессов 107-110-го созывов иммиграционная реформа была проработана максимально тщательно с обеих сторон, но предложенные законопроекты так и не были приняты. Несмотря на прошедшее время, выдвинутые предложения и достигнутые в годы президентства Дж.У. Буша договорённости до сих пор не утратили своей актуальности, а любой законопроект по иммиграционной реформе будет основываться на предложениях 2002-2008 гг.

By the beginning of the XXI century, the US had about 12 million illegal aliens and the immigration reform was evidently much needed. The Immigration Act of 1990 was significantly outdated and required revision. Additional regulations that passed in the 1990-s had to be systematized. The White House and the president George W. Bush inclined to the comprehensive immigration reform that would include an amnesty for the certain part of the illegal aliens. Some lawmakers were ready to strike a deal, but than happened the 9/11 tragedy. Immigration reform was shelved and turned into a matter of national security. Immigration reform bills were taken into consideration only in conjunction with boarder security bills. Edward Kennedy was very much aware of the issue's complexity and the need for reform; he did all he could to reach a compromise with his fellow Republicans. John McCain became his closest ally in the reform. Democrats made considerable concessions, while moderate Republicans were willing to meet them halfway, but the conservatives would not let the Congress adopt a new legislation, calling any attempt at comprehensive immigration reform an amnesty for the criminals. During the 107-110 Congresses the immigration reform was thoroughly worked through from both sides, but the proposed bills rarely got to the floor and never passed both Houses. Even though the time has passed, suggestions offered and deals reached during the Bush presidency did not lose the edge and any new immigration legislation is going be based on the 2002-2008 bills.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.