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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2020-2-71-70-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-1480</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Трансформация системы международных отношений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Transformation of international system</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ускорение экспансии НАТО на Балканах как следствие евро-атлантических противоречий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Accelerated expansion of NATO into the Balkans as a consequence of Euro-Atlantic Discord</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайич</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gajić</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стеван Гайич – PhD (политические науки), научный сотрудник</p><p>Trg Nikole Pašića 11, 11000 Belgrade</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stevan Gajić – PhD (Political Sci.), Scientific Associate</p><p>Trg Nikole Pašića 11, 11000 Belgrade</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">office@ies.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Георгиевна Пономарева – профессор, доктор политических наук, профессор кафедры сравнительной политологии</p><p>119454, Москва, п спект Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Ponomareva – Dr. of Science (Political Sci.), Professor of Comparative Politics Department</p><p>76 Prospect Vernadskogo, room 3026, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastya304@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт европейских исследований</institution><country>Чехословакия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of European Studies</institution><country>Czechoslovakia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mocow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайич С., Пономарева Е.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайич С., Пономарева Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gajić S., Ponomareva E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1480">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1480</self-uri><abstract><p>Крушение биполярного мира для стран пост-югославского пространства как и всех Балкан ознаменовалось усилением геополитического влияния Запада. С самого начала межнациональной войны в Югославии в 1991 г., за которой уже в 1992 г. последовало признание западными грандами сепаратистских республик, европейские </p><p>государства, США и НАТО активно участвовали в балканском кризисе. Дипломатов, финансовых и политических советников в процессе разрушения СФРЮ довольно быстро сменили военные: в 1994-1995 гг. НАТО осуществляла бомбардировки сербских позиций в Боснии и Герцеговине, а в 1999 г. агрессии со стороны альянса подверглось суверенное государство, член ООН – Союзная республика Югославия. Такое поведение было в логике однополярности или провозглашенного Дж. Бушем-ст. нового мирового порядка, в котором «нет альтернативы американскому лидерству».</p><p>C 2008 г. мир вступил в эпоху перемен, масштабы и последствия которых сравнимы с описанными в книге Пола Кеннеди «Взлет и паление великих держав». Грузия, напав на Южную Осетию, перешла «красную линию» внешней политики России, вынудив последнюю проявить державные амбиции; Китай продемонстрировал свои претензии на мировое лидерство масштабными символами и победами Олимпиады; крах американского рынка недвижимости спровоцировал глобальный экономический кризис, а поддержка Брюсселем и Вашингтоном идеи независимости косовских албанцев создала опасный международно-правовой прецедент. К началу 2020 г. много проблем накопилось и у ЕС на фоне продолжающегося миграционного кризиса активизировались правые и националистические движения, усилились разногласия между членами. Задолго до появления COVID-19 серьёзным стресс-тестом для экономики и социальной структуры Евросоюза стал Brexit. Параллельно драматические события развивались по другую сторону Атлантики: победа убеждённого антиглобалиста Д. Трампа в борьбе за президентское кресло в 2016 г. стала шоком для нео- и ульталиберального крыла американского истеблишмента. Таким образом, были поколеблены и оспорены «правила игры», установленные в период однополярности (1991-2008). Впоследствии идеологический консенсус, сформировавший на Западе после окончания Холодной войны, в результате роста внесистемных политических движений, направленных не только против расширения ЕС, но и против него самого, был ещё в большей мере поставлен под сомнение.</p><p>Роль и значение названных событий для Балкан удивительны и парадоксальны. Несмотря на очевидное ослабление своих позиций, глобалисты не отказались от атлантической интеграции оставшихся вне рамок НАТО балканских стран. В разгар пандемии 27 марта 2020 г. Северная Македония стала 30 членом альянса, пройдя ради этого унизительную процедуру изменения названия страны. Тремя годами ранее в НАТО приняли Черногорию, население которой не имело возможности высказаться по этому вопросу на референдуме. Переговоры Белграда и Приштины по «нормализации отношений», наступление на права Республики Сербской, инициатива Хорватии по проекту Междуморья и многие другие подобные усилия являются этапами процесса натоизации бывшей Югославии. На основе анализа большого корпуса нарративных источников и новейшей литературы в статье представлены основные тенденции и возможные перспективы развития Балкан, зависящие от исхода продолжающейся на Западе идеологической и политической борьбы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Balkans in general and post-Yugoslav countries in particular have been under significant geopolitical pressure of the political West since the end of the bipolar global order. From the beginning of the Yugoslav Civil War in 1991, followed by Western recognition of secessionist republics in 1992 and NATO attacks on Serbs in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1994-1995 and on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999, the US, NATO and EU have been actively involved in the Balkan crisis. It was in concordance with the logic of unipolarity, or the New World Order, proclaimed by George W.H. Bush, in which there is “no substitute for American leadership”.</p><p>The year of 2008 marked the start of profound changes. The changes we are witnessing today are of the magnitude described by Paul Kennedy’s classic The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Georgia’s attack on South Ossetia crossed Russia’s red lines and exposed the latter’s ambitions to regain the superpower status; China symbolically showed the same ambition with the Olympics in Beijing; the crash of the US real-estate market triggered the global economic crisis; and the NATO-sponsored unilateral declaration of secession by Kosovo Albanians set a precedent and introduced uncertainty in international law and the entire system of United Nations. By the beginning of 2020, many problems had accumulated in the EU – against the background of the ongoing migration crisis, right-wing and nationalist movements became more active, and differences between members increased. Long before COVID-19, Brexit became a serious stress test for the economy and social structure of the European Union. Dramatic changes took place on the other side of the Atlantic too, resulting in the shocking victory of staunch anti-globalist Donald Trump. The rules established during the 1991-2008 unipolarity have thus been challenged. Subsequently, post-Cold War ideological consensus in the West has also been challenged even further by the growth of non-systemic political movements – many of them directed not only against the EU expansion, but also against the EU itself.</p><p>The significance of all these events for the Balkans is somewhat surprising and paradoxical, as the mainstream forces that have been weakened in the West forcefully push for a stronger Atlantic integration of the remaining Balkan countries. At the height of the pandemic, on 27 March 2020 Northern Macedonia became the 30th member of the Alliance, having previously undergone a humiliating procedure of changing its own name for this purpose. Three years earlier, Montenegro was admitted to NATO, but its population did not have the opportunity to vote on this in a referendum. The negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina on ‘normalisation of relations’, continued pressures on the prerogatives of Republic Srpska, Croatian initiative for a new Intermarium and many other similar efforts are stages in the process of NATOisation of former Yugoslavia. Based on the analysis of a large body of narrative sources and recent literature, the article presents the main trends and possible prospects for developments in the Balkans, depending on the outcome of the ongoing ideological and political struggle within the West.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Балканы</kwd><kwd>расширение НАТО</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Сербия</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>албанский вопрос</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Balkans</kwd><kwd>expansion of NATO</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Serbia</kwd><kwd>Serbs</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>Albanian question</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bajrović R., Garčević V., Kraemer R. 2018. Hanging by a Thread: Russian’s strategy of destabilization in Montenegro. Philadelphia: Foreign Police Research Institute. 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