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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-184-191</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-27</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние религиозных групп на международную деятельность государства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Religious Groups and Their Influence on Interstate Relations (The Case of U.S.-Israel Relations)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Истомин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Istomin</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(34)</issue><fpage>184</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Истомин И.А., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Истомин И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Istomin I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/2071-8160-2014-1-34-184-191">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/2071-8160-2014-1-34-184-191</self-uri><abstract><p>Вопросы влияния групп интересов на внешнюю политику государства до сих пор получали недостаточное освещение в теории международных отношений. Редко в фокус внимания исследователей попадает деятельность объединений, сформированных на основе общей конфессиональной идентичности. Между тем их мобилизация в последние десятилетия превратилась в серьёзный компонент политической жизни не только развивающихся, но и развитых стран. В Соединённых Штатах рост активности конфессиональных групп привёл к глубокому переформатированию политического пространства. Одним из ключевых приоритетов для различных американских политических групп на протяжении длительного времени остается ситуация на Ближнем и Среднем Востоке. Их инициативная позиция значительно способствовала укреплению партнёрства между Соединёнными Штатами и Израилем, в том числе наращиванию дипломатической и военной помощи Вашингтона Тель-Авиву. При этом сторонниками развития такого сотрудничества выступает не только немногочисленное и хорошо организованное иудейское сообщество, но и представители консервативных кругов евангельского протестантизма, который формируют самую крупную конфессиональную группу в США. Несмотря на то что в обосновании позиции этих групп часто используются теологические и даже эсхатологические причины, реальные мотивы большинства их рядовых участников зачастую носят гуманистический и прагматический характер. Многообразие групп, выступающих в поддержку американо-израильского сотрудничества способствовало формированию соответствующего лобби как в Республиканской, так и в Демократической партии. Вместе с тем в настоящее время наблюдается рост критики политики нынешнего израильского правительства со стороны части сторонников укрепления партнёрства между Вашингтоном и Тель-Авивом, что приводит к размыванию влияния этих групп.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The impact of interest groups on foreign policy of the state up until today has not received substantial attention in the theory of international relations. In particular, activities of the entities shaped by the common religious affiliation of their members lack assessment in the academic literature. Meanwhile, their mobilization in the recent decades became significant aspect of political life both in developing and developed countries. The activity of religious groups in the United States forced deep transformation of the national political landscape, as they desire to affect not only internal debate, but external policies as well. Among other issues attention of such social and political bodies is also focused on the situation in the middle East. Their proactive standing facilitated advancement of the partnership between the United States and Israel, including growth of American diplomatic and military aid to Tel-Aviv. The supporters of such policy include not only small, but well organized Jewish community, but also representatives of the conservative Evangelical Protestants, which constitute the most numerous religious group in the U.S. Despite the fact that leaders of both group often use theological reasons to justify their support for Israel, the real motivation of the most regular members is primarily humanitarian and pragmatic. The diversity of the Pro-Israeli groups promotes bipartisan support of cooperation between the two countries, and enabled creation of both Democratic and Republican lobby on this issue. However the growing criticism of the current policy of Tel-Aviv on behalf of some of the adherents of American-Israeli cooperation leads to the erosion of impact of these groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>группы интересов</kwd><kwd>Ближний и Средний Восток</kwd><kwd>иудейское сообщество</kwd><kwd>евангельские христиане</kwd><kwd>Американо-израильский комитет по общественным связям</kwd><kwd>Объединенные христиане за Израиль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interest groups</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>Middle East</kwd><kwd>Jewish community</kwd><kwd>Evangelical Christians</kwd><kwd>American Israel Public Affairs Committee</kwd><kwd>United Christians for Israel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Portrait of Jewish Americans. Findings from a Pew Research Center Survey of U.S. Jews. October 1, 2013. 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