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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2021-4-79-51-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-2937</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. История международных отношений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. History of International Relations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Институциональные особенности  интеграции земель Речи Посполитой  в состав Российской и Австрийской империй</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Institutional Analysis of the Integration  of Rzeczpospolita Lands in-to the Russian  and Austrian Empires</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барахвостов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barakhvostov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Александрович Барахвостов – кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры политологии</p><p>220070, Республика Беларусь, г. Минск, Партизанский проспект, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Barakhvostov – PhD (Political Science), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science</p><p>26, Partizanskiy Avenue, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, 220070</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">barakhvostov@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный экономический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Economic University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барахвостов П.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барахвостов П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barakhvostov P.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/2937">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/2937</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе на примере распада Речи Посполитой и вхождения её частей в Российскую и Австрийскую империи анализируется проблема последствий переформатирования геополитического пространства, а именно, имплантации осколков распавшегося социума в различные социальные системы. Данный процесc рассматривается в рамках институционального подхода. Выявлены механизмы слияния социумов – донора и реципиента. К их числу следует отнести унификацию – встраивание новых территорий в свою административно-территориальную и правовую систему. Действие данного механизма охватывает несколько стадий: первичную, предполагающую создание гибридных институтов (встраивание новой власти в традиционно существующие властные структуры); вторичную (начало перестройки институциональных трансплантантов с параллельным создание институтов промежуточного типа); завершающую (окончательная перестройка институтов, в том числе, властных структур, по новому образцу). Важный инструмент унификации – сословная гомогенизация или приведение сословного деления на новых землях в соответствие с таковым для принимающего социума. Кроме того, среди механизмов интеграции выделены: обусловленность (положительная, или стимулирующая, для расширения социальной базы проводимых преобразований и отрицательная, или принуждающая, для подавления недовольства их противников), замещение (встраивание в высшее сословие новых земель представителей принимающего социума), социализация (осуществление мероприятий, направленных на социокультурную гомогенизацию образовавшейся социальной системы). Тем не менее, несмотря на сходство используемых механизмов, показано различие интеграционных моделей Российской и австрийской империй, обусловленное особенностями государственного устройства и национального состава населения империй, а также географического положения и уровня экономического развития присоединённых земель. Особенностью российского подхода, направленного на выравнивание новых земель с внутренними областями империи, явилась одновременность трансплантации экономических, политических и социокультурных институтов с сохранением ряда существовавших ранее экономических институтов. Австрийская же политика характеризовалась ограниченностью и асимметричностью трансплантации институтов на земли провинции (внедрением лишь ряда политических институтов), вследствие чего регион оказался в положении внутренней колонии. Обсуждается значение выбранной модели интеграции для последующего развития присоединённых земель.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article studies the collapse of Rzeczpospolita and the admission of its parts into the Russian and Austrian Empires to understand through the institutionalist approach the consequences of reformatting the geopolitical space, namely, implantation of the debris of the collapsed society into another social system. It reveals the mechanisms of the fusion of donor and recipient societies. They include unification – the integration of new territories into the legal and administrative-territorial organization of the acceptor country. This mechanism proceeds through several stages: initial, implying the creation of hybrid institutions (implementation of the new authorities into the pre-existing system of power); secondary, when the institutional transplants are rebuilt with the simultaneous foundation of intermediate institutions); final (the ultimate restructuring of power following the new model). A vital instrument of unification is constituted by estate homogenization or the alignment of the social organization of the new lands and the acceptor society. Besides, among the mechanisms of integration, there are </p><p>Despite the similarity of the employed mechanisms, there is a difference in the integration models applied by the Russian and Austrian Empires, which is due to the specificities of the state organization and national structure of these empires as well as the geographical location and the level of economic development of the acquired territories. The distinctive feature of the Russian approach to homogenization of the new lands with the rest of the empire was transplantation of economic, political, and social-cultural institutions to the acquired territories with preservation of some pre-existing endemic economic institutions. The Austrian policy was haracterized by asymmetrical and limited institutional transplantations (only political institutions) to the new province, which turned the region into a virtual inner colony. The meaning of the chosen integration model for the later development of the integrated lands is also discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геополитическое пространство</kwd><kwd>империя</kwd><kwd>институциональная матрица</kwd><kwd>базовые институты</kwd><kwd>редистрибутивная экономика</kwd><kwd>рыночные отношения</kwd><kwd>кризис</kwd><kwd>точка бифуркации</kwd><kwd>интеграция</kwd><kwd>институциональные трансформации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>geopolitical space</kwd><kwd>empire</kwd><kwd>institutional matrix</kwd><kwd>basic institutions</kwd><kwd>redistributive economy</kwd><kwd>market relations</kwd><kwd>crisis</kwd><kwd>bifurcation point</kwd><kwd>integration</kwd><kwd>institutional transformations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brousseau E., Raynaud E. 2011. 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