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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2022-2-83-108-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Международная безопасность коронавируса</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. International security</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Противоречия модели коллективной безопасности: современная историография об эволюции Версальской системы международных отношений в 1930-е гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Contradictions of Collective Security Model: Modern Historiography on the Evolution of the Versailles System of International Relations in the 1930s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Вершинин – кандидат исторических наук, доцент Исторического факультета</p><p>119192, г. Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, д. 27, корпус 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Vershinin – PhD (History), Associate Professor, Faculty of History</p><p>119991, Moscow, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 27-4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">averchinine@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вершинин А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вершинин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vershinin A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3111">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3111</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье на основе анализа современной историографии предпринята попытка выявить причины провала системы коллективной безопасности для противодействия германскому ревизионизму в Европе второй половины 1920-х – начала 1930-х гг. В продолжающейся научной дискуссии вокруг данной проблемы складывается тенденция рассматривать попытку создания системы коллективной безопасности как проекцию возникшего после Первой мировой войны нового качества международных отношений, предполагавшего создание единого пространства безопасности, которое бы исключало силовое сдерживание, а опиралось на арбитражную функцию наднациональной инстанции и многосторонний механизм предотвращения агрессии. Тем самым традиционный принцип баланса сил и война как средство международной политики утрачивали бы легитимность. Историки солидарны в том, что опора на Лигу Наций и Локарнские соглашения не позволила дать ответ на вызовы начала 1930-х гг., что убедительно продемонстрировали Эфиопская война и Рейнский кризис. Несостоятельной системе безопасности было предложено два варианта замены: британский проект «умиротворения» и советская идея военно-политического сдерживания путём формирования коалиции. «Умиротворение» в современной историографии анализируется как замысел создания европейской «директории», которая брала бы на себя функции урегулирования международных противоречий. Причины его провала историки видят в неверной оценке целей гитлеровской политики, чему во многом способствовало мышление в духе коллективной безопасности. Острые дискуссии вызывает позиция СССР, однако в последних работах формулируется консенсусное мнение о том, что причиной провала проекта военно-политического союза, направленного на сдерживание Германии, стала неготовность Запада перейти к стратегическому взаимодействию с Москвой и его приверженность принципам «новой дипломатии» в период, когда они уже утратили актуальность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article attempts to find out the reasons for the failure of the collective security system in Europe, developed to counter German revisionism in the second half of the 1920s – early 1930s. Research literature tends to consider collective security not just as a diplomatic tool, but as a quality of international system developed after the First World War based on the idea of indivisible security with universal international organization presiding over it to deal with problems of war and peace. The principle of the balance of power and war itself as a means of international politics thus lost their legitimacy.</p><p>Historians agree that the system proved unsuitable for the challenges of the early 1930s, demonstrated by the Ethiopian War and the Rhineland Crisis. Two alternative ways eventually developed to deal with the inconsistences of the early collective security system: «appeasement» project, initiated by British diplomacy; and the Soviet idea of military-political deterrence through coalition building. Modern historiography views «appeasement» as the idea presupposing the creation of a European Directory, which would have taken on the functions of resolving international contradictions. Historians see the reasons for its failure in an incorrect assessment of Hitler's policy due to thinking in the spirit of collective security. The position of the USSR is more contested among historians. In recent works, however, there appears the consensus that the reason for the failure of the project of a military-political alliance aimed at containing Germany was the unwillingness of the West to strategic interaction with Moscow and its adherence to the principles of «new diplomacy» at a time when it already lost their relevance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коллективная безопасность</kwd><kwd>новая дипломатия</kwd><kwd>Лига Наций</kwd><kwd>Версальская система международных отношений</kwd><kwd>советско-французский пакт о взаимопомощи 1935 г.</kwd><kwd>М.М. Литвинов</kwd><kwd>Н. Чемберлен</kwd><kwd>Л. Барту</kwd><kwd>политика умиротворения</kwd><kwd>англо-франкосоветские переговоры 1939 г.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>collective security</kwd><kwd>new diplomacy</kwd><kwd>League of Nations</kwd><kwd>Versailles system of international relations</kwd><kwd>Soviet-French mutual assistance pact of 1935</kwd><kwd>M.M. Litvinov</kwd><kwd>N. 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