<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2022-4-85-102-129</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Россия в мировой экономике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Russia in World Economy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бизнес-инкубаторы в России: сравнительный анализ результатов международных опросов 2020 года</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Business Incubators in Russia: 2020 Survey in International Comparative Perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слесарев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slesarev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Александрович Слесарев – преподаватель кафедры менеджмента, маркетинга и внешнеэкономической деятельности119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Slesarev – senior lecturer, Department of Management, Marketing and Foreign Economic Activities</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of international relations (MGIMO-University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Слесарев М.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Слесарев М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Slesarev M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3187">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3187</self-uri><abstract><p>Малый инновационный и венчурный бизнес сталкиваются с серьёзными финансовыми сложностями и сложностями управления на ранних стадиях своего развития, что обусловливает необходимость оказания им необходимой поддержки на старте. Правительство каждой страны избирает свой путь решения данной проблемы. Для России в 2010-х, в частности, было характерно предоставление помощи в форме создания бизнес-инкубаторов в качестве вспомогательной инфраструктуры малого и среднего предпринимательства и ключевых игроков (как и потенциального драйвера) региональных предпринимательских экосистем. Тем не менее, согласно недавно опубликованным официальным данным, за последние пять лет количество бизнес-инкубаторов в России постепенно уменьшалось, что представляется важным фактом для анализа. С этой целью был проведен масштабный опрос, в выборку которого вошли представители функционирующих бизнес-инкубаторов.</p><p>Сопоставление среднемировых характеристик бизнес-инкубаторов (использованы вторичные данные, публикуемые Международной ассоциацией инновационных идей для бизнеса, а также данные опросов 2012, 2016 и 2020 гг., проведенных UBI Global) позволяет понять фактическое состояние и динамику развития бизнес-инкубаторов в России. Опросы содержат широкий круг вопросов по различным важным аспектам деятельности бизнес-инкубаторов, включая программы инкубации, клиентов, условия ведения бизнеса, эффективность и финансирование.</p><p>В ходе исследования авторы пришли к выводу о том, что, с одной стороны, бизнес-инкубаторы в России претерпели некоторые позитивные изменения, например, они стали располагаться в более просторных помещениях, увеличился штатный состав, среднегодовое количество компаний резидентов, годовой бюджет и т.д. С другой стороны, общее количество бизнес-инкубаторов серьёзно сократилось, что говорит о том, что упомянутые выше позитивные изменения не отражают рост рынка бизнес-инкубации и развитие наиболее эффективных структур, но наоборот, их оптимизацию.</p><p>По итогам исследования авторы формулируют несколько дополнительных вопросов для проведения дальнейших исследований для лучшего понимания тех проблем, с которыми сталкиваются бизнес-инкубаторы в России, причин их консолидации, равно как возможных путей выхода из сложившейся ситуации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Small innovative and venture enterprises face significant financial and managerial difficulties in the early stages of their development, which makes it necessary to provide them with sufficient support at the start. Different governments choose different ways to solve this problem. In Russia, in the 2010s, an emphasis was made on creating business incubators as SME support infrastructure and key players (as well as a potential driver) of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Nevertheless, the latest official data shows that the number of business incubators in Russia has gradually declined over the past five years, making it a critical phenomenon to analyze. We conducted a comprehensive survey among a selection of Russian business incubators.</p><p>Comparing the world BI average characteristics (secondary data from InBIA, International Business Innovation Association) and UBI Global (the data obtained through Surveys conducted in 2012, 2016, and 2020) helps us understand the actual state and dynamics of business incubation in Russia. The surveys contain a wide range of questions covering essential aspects of business incubators' activities, including BI program, clients, environment, effectiveness, and finance.</p><p>The study shows that business incubators in Russia have undergone several external positive changes, including increased square space, staff quantity, the average annual number of residents, the annual budget, etc. At the same time, the total number of business incubators also significantly dropped, which means that all of the above positive changes do not reflect the growth of the business incubation market and the scaling of the most effective structures; on the contrary, it is an optimization.As a result of the study, we formulate several additional questions for future research and study to understand better the challenges business incubators currently face in Russia, the reasons for their recent consolidation, and possible ways out.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бизнес-инкубатор</kwd><kwd>предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>предпринимательская экосистема</kwd><kwd>малый бизнес</kwd><kwd>МСП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>business incubator</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurship</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurial ecosystem</kwd><kwd>small business</kwd><kwd>SME</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aarstad J., Jakobsen S., Foss L. 2022. Business Incubator Management and Entrepreneur Collaboration with R&amp;D Milieus: Does the Regional Context Matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. 23(1). P. 28-38. DOI: 10.1177/14657503211030808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aarstad J., Jakobsen S., Foss L. 2022. Business Incubator Management and Entrepreneur Collaboration with R&amp;D Milieus: Does the Regional Context Matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. 23(1). P. 28-38. DOI: 10.1177/14657503211030808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed N., Li C., Qalati S.A., Rehman H.U., Khan A., Rana F. 2022. Impact of Business Incubators on Sustainable Entrepreneurship Growth with Mediation Effect. Entrepreneurship Research Journal. 12(2). P. 137-160. DOI: 10.1515/erj-2019-0116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aarstad J., Jakobsen S., Foss L. 2022. Business Incubator Management and Entrepreneur Collaboration with R&amp;D Milieus: Does the Regional Context Matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. 23(1). P. 28-38. DOI: 10.1177/14657503211030808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Mubaraki H.M., Busler M. 2012. The Incubators Economic Indicators: Mixed Approaches. Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics. No4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed N., Li C., Qalati S.A., Rehman H.U., Khan A., Rana F. 2022. Impact of Business Incubators on Sustainable Entrepreneurship Growth with Mediation Effect. Entrepreneurship Research Journal. 12(2). P. 137-160. DOI: 10.1515/erj-2019-0116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antunes L.G.R., de Castro C.C., da Costa Mineiro A.A. 2021. Network Orchestration: New Role of Business Incubators? Innovation and Management Review. 18(1). Р. 51-68. DOI: 10.1108/INMR-12-2019-0151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Mubaraki H.M., Busler M. 2012. The Incubators Economic Indicators: Mixed Approaches. Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics. No4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker B., Gassmann O. 2006. Corporate Incubators: Industrial R&amp;D and what Universities Can Learn from Them. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 31(4). Р. 469-483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antunes L.G.R., de Castro C.C., da Costa Mineiro A.A. 2021. Network Orchestration: New Role of Business Incubators? Innovation and Management Review. 18(1). Р. 51-68. DOI: 10.1108/INMR-12-2019-0151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blackburne G.D., Buckley P.J. 2019. The International Business Incubator as a Foreign Market Entry Mode. Long Range Planning. 52(1). Р. 32-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.lrp.2017.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker B., Gassmann O. 2006. Corporate Incubators: Industrial R&amp;D and what Universities Can Learn from Them. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 31(4). Р. 469-483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bose S.C., Kiran R., Goyal D. 2019. Critical Success Factors Of Agri-Business Incubators and Their Impact on Business. Custos e Agronegocio. 15(1). Р. 352-378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blackburne G.D., Buckley P.J. 2019. The International Business Incubator as a Foreign Market Entry Mode. Long Range Planning. 52(1). Р. 32-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.lrp.2017.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cantù C. 2017. Entrepreneurial Knowledge Spillovers: Discovering Opportunities Through Understanding Mediated Spatial Relationships. Industrial Marketing Management. No61. Р. 30-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bose S.C., Kiran R., Goyal D. 2019. Critical Success Factors Of Agri-Business Incubators and Their Impact on Business. Custos e Agronegocio. 15(1). Р. 352-378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dementieva A., Kandinskaia O., Khotyasheva O. 2018. Friendly Laser: Can We Boost Sales? Journal of Critical Incidents. No11. P. 32-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cantù C. 2017. Entrepreneurial Knowledge Spillovers: Discovering Opportunities Through Understanding Mediated Spatial Relationships. Industrial Marketing Management. No61. Р. 30-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhochak M., Acharya S.R., Sareen S.B. 2019. Assessing the Effectiveness of Business Incubators. International Journal of Innovation and Learning. 26(2). P. 177-194. DOI: 10.1504/ IJIL.2019.101277</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dementieva A., Kandinskaia O., Khotyasheva O. 2018. Friendly Laser: Can We Boost Sales? Journal of Critical Incidents. No11. P. 32-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Escobar D.D.E., De-Pablos-Heredero C., Montes-Botella J.L., Jiménez F.J.B., García A. 2022. Business incubators and survival of startups in times of COVID-19. Sustainability (Switzerland). 14(4). DOI: 10.3390/su14042139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhochak M., Acharya S.R., Sareen S.B. 2019. Assessing the Effectiveness of Business Incubators. International Journal of Innovation and Learning. 26(2). P. 177-194. DOI: 10.1504/ IJIL.2019.101277</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández Fernández M.T., Blanco Jiménez F.J., Cuadrado Roura J.R. 2015. Business Incubation: Innovative Services in an Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. The Service Industries Journal. 35(14). P. 783-800. DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2015.1080243</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Escobar D.D.E., De-Pablos-Heredero C., Montes-Botella J.L., Jiménez F.J.B., García A. 2022. Business incubators and survival of startups in times of COVID-19. Sustainability (Switzerland). 14(4). DOI: 10.3390/su14042139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreiro-Seoane F., Rodríguez-Rodríguez G., Vaquero-García A. 2018. Public Investment in Business Incubators, is It Better than Doing Nothing? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. 33(4). P. 553-574. DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2018.090355</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández Fernández M.T., Blanco Jiménez F.J., Cuadrado Roura J.R. 2015. Business Incubation: Innovative Services in an Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. The Service Industries Journal. 35(14). P. 783-800. DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2015.1080243</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabarret I., d’Andria A. 2021. Improving Gender Equality through Entrepreneurship: The Role of Women-Dedicated Business Incubators. Journal of the International Council for Small Business. 2(2). P. 79-89. DOI: 10.1080/26437015.2021.1882916</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreiro-Seoane F., Rodríguez-Rodríguez G., Vaquero-García A. 2018. Public Investment in Business Incubators, is It Better than Doing Nothing? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. 33(4). P. 553-574. DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2018.090355</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Q., Cui L., Lew Y.K., Li Z., Khan Z. 2021. Business Incubators as International Knowledge Intermediaries: Exploring Their Role in the Internationalization of Start-ups from an Emerging Market. Journal of International Management. 27(4). DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2021.100861</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabarret I., d’Andria A. 2021. Improving Gender Equality through Entrepreneurship: The Role of Women-Dedicated Business Incubators. Journal of the International Council for Small Business. 2(2). P. 79-89. DOI: 10.1080/26437015.2021.1882916</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giordano Martínez K.R., Fernández-Laviada A., Herrero Crespo A. 2018. Influence of Business Incubators Performance on Entrepreneurial Intentions and its Antecedents during the Pre-Incubation Stage. Entrepreneurship Research Journal. 8(2). DOI: 10.1515/erj-2016-0095</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Q., Cui L., Lew Y.K., Li Z., Khan Z. 2021. Business Incubators as International Knowledge Intermediaries: Exploring Their Role in the Internationalization of Start-ups from an Emerging Market. Journal of International Management. 27(4). DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2021.100861</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grimaldi R., Grandi A. 2005. Business Incubators and New Venture Creation: An Assessment of Incubating Models. Technovation. No25. Р. 111–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giordano Martínez K.R., Fernández-Laviada A., Herrero Crespo A. 2018. Influence of Business Incubators Performance on Entrepreneurial Intentions and its Antecedents during the Pre-Incubation Stage. Entrepreneurship Research Journal. 8(2). DOI: 10.1515/erj-2016-0095</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harper-Anderson E., Lewis D.A. 2018. What Makes Business Incubation Work? Measuring the Influence of Incubator Quality and Regional Capacity on Incubator Outcomes. Economic Development Quarterly. 32(1). Р. 60-77. DOI: 10.1177/0891242417741961</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grimaldi R., Grandi A. 2005. Business Incubators and New Venture Creation: An Assessment of Incubating Models. Technovation. No25. Р. 111–121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassan N.A. 2020. University Business Incubators as a Tool for Accelerating Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Perspective. Review of Economics and Political Science. DOI: 10.1108/ REPS-10-2019-0142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harper-Anderson E., Lewis D.A. 2018. What Makes Business Incubation Work? Measuring the Influence of Incubator Quality and Regional Capacity on Incubator Outcomes. Economic Development Quarterly. 32(1). Р. 60-77. DOI: 10.1177/0891242417741961</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haugh H. 2020. Call the Midwife! Business Incubators as Entrepreneurial Enablers in Developing Economies. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 32(1-2). P. 156-175. DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2019.1640480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassan N.A. 2020. University Business Incubators as a Tool for Accelerating Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Perspective. Review of Economics and Political Science. DOI: 10.1108/ REPS-10-2019-0142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hausberg J.P., Korreck S. 2020. Business Incubators and Accelerators: A Co-Citation Analysis-Based, Systematic Literature Review. The Journal of Technology Transfer. No45. Р. 151–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haugh H. 2020. Call the Midwife! Business Incubators as Entrepreneurial Enablers in Developing Economies. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 32(1-2). P. 156-175. DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2019.1640480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Indiran L., Khalifah Z., Ismai K. 2017. A Model for Intellectual Capital of Business Incubators. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience. 23(9). Р. 8450–8457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hausberg J.P., Korreck S. 2020. Business Incubators and Accelerators: A Co-Citation Analysis-Based, Systematic Literature Review. The Journal of Technology Transfer. No45. Р. 151–176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalyuzhnova Y., Figueira C., Theodorakopoulos N., Khotyasheva O., Slesarev M.M. 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Indiran L., Khalifah Z., Ismai K. 2017. A Model for Intellectual Capital of Business Incubators. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience. 23(9). Р. 8450–8457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">What Matters for Business Incubation? Lessons from the Russian Experience for the United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA). P. 1–60. URL: http://www. unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/SPECA/documents/kdb/2019/Moscow_event/4._Business_Incubation_report_ENG.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalyuzhnova Y., Figueira C., Theodorakopoulos N., Khotyasheva O., Slesarev M.M. 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kandinskaia O., Dementieva A., Khotyasheva O. 2019. Norilsk Nickel: the Longest Corporate War in a Leading Russian Company. The CASE Journal. 15(3). DOI: 10.1108/TCJ-082018-0098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">What Matters for Business Incubation? Lessons from the Russian Experience for the United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA). P. 1–60. URL: http://www. unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/SPECA/documents/kdb/2019/Moscow_event/4._Business_Incubation_report_ENG.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C., Ahmed N., Qalati S.A., Khan A., Naz S. 2020. Role of Business Incubators as a Tool for Entrepreneurship Development: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Business StartUp and Government Regulations. Sustainability (Switzerland). 12(5). Р. 1-23. DOI: 10.3390/ su12051822</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kandinskaia O., Dementieva A., Khotyasheva O. 2019. Norilsk Nickel: the Longest Corporate War in a Leading Russian Company. The CASE Journal. 15(3). DOI: 10.1108/TCJ-082018-0098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mele G., Sansone G., Secundo G., Paolucci E. 2022. Speeding up Student Entrepreneurship: The Role of University Business Idea Incubators. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. No6. Р. 1-15. DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2022.3175655</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C., Ahmed N., Qalati S.A., Khan A., Naz S. 2020. Role of Business Incubators as a Tool for Entrepreneurship Development: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Business StartUp and Government Regulations. Sustainability (Switzerland). 12(5). Р. 1-23. DOI: 10.3390/ su12051822</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merguei N., Costa C. 2022. What are Pre-Acceleration Programs? Journal of Business Venturing Insights. No18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mele G., Sansone G., Secundo G., Paolucci E. 2022. Speeding up Student Entrepreneurship: The Role of University Business Idea Incubators. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. No6. Р. 1-15. DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2022.3175655</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohamadian A., Manian A., Khodadad Beromy M. 2015. A Systematic Review of Research and Future Research Directions of the Virtual Business Incubators. IT Management Studies. 3(12). Р. 123-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merguei N., Costa C. 2022. What are Pre-Acceleration Programs? Journal of Business Venturing Insights. No18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholls-Nixon C.L., Valliere D., Gedeon S.A., Wise S. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Lifecycle of University Business Incubators: An integrative case study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 17(2). Р. 809-837. DOI: 10.1007/s11365-019-00622-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohamadian A., Manian A., Khodadad Beromy M. 2015. A Systematic Review of Research and Future Research Directions of the Virtual Business Incubators. IT Management Studies. 3(12). Р. 123-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oriama R., Mudida R., Burger-Helmchen T. 2021. Capturing Niche Development in Secondary Disease Prevention through a Salutogenesis-Bioeconomy Framework: Trends from Kenya. International Journal of Technological Learning Innovation and Development. No13. Р. 341–369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholls-Nixon C.L., Valliere D., Gedeon S.A., Wise S. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Lifecycle of University Business Incubators: An integrative case study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 17(2). Р. 809-837. DOI: 10.1007/s11365-019-00622-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persada S.F., Baihaqi I., Abidah K.N. 2019. Developing a Prototype of E-Incubator Based on Triple Helix Business Model for Sustainable Learning of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A case study in developing country. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research. 8(9). Р. 793-802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oriama R., Mudida R., Burger-Helmchen T. 2021. Capturing Niche Development in Secondary Disease Prevention through a Salutogenesis-Bioeconomy Framework: Trends from Kenya. International Journal of Technological Learning Innovation and Development. No13. Р. 341–369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phillips R. 2022. Critical Success Factors for Biotech Incubators-A Qualitative Study of Successful Incubators in China and the US. Jingwei Wu, Ling Wan, Fabio Della Bianca, Altynbek Kabdolov, Karina J Tang and Robert A. Phillips. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability. 18(2). Р. 92-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persada S.F., Baihaqi I., Abidah K.N. 2019. Developing a Prototype of E-Incubator Based on Triple Helix Business Model for Sustainable Learning of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A case study in developing country. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research. 8(9). Р. 793-802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radko N., Belitski M., Kalyuzhnova Y. 2022. Conceptualising the Entrepreneurial University: the Stakeholder Approach. The Journal of Technology Transfer. Р. 1-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phillips R. 2022. Critical Success Factors for Biotech Incubators-A Qualitative Study of Successful Incubators in China and the US. Jingwei Wu, Ling Wan, Fabio Della Bianca, Altynbek Kabdolov, Karina J Tang and Robert A. Phillips. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability. 18(2). Р. 92-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saavedra A., Kotey B., Sandhu K. 2020. The Digital Value Propositions for Virtual Business Incubators. Digital Innovations for Customer Engagement, Management, and Organizational Improvement. IGI Global. Р. 1-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radko N., Belitski M., Kalyuzhnova Y. 2022. Conceptualising the Entrepreneurial University: the Stakeholder Approach. The Journal of Technology Transfer. Р. 1-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sansone G., Andreotti P., Colombelli A., Landoni P. 2020. Are Social Incubators Different from Other Incubators? Evidence from Italy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. No158. Р. 120-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120132</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saavedra A., Kotey B., Sandhu K. 2020. The Digital Value Propositions for Virtual Business Incubators. Digital Innovations for Customer Engagement, Management, and Organizational Improvement. IGI Global. Р. 1-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiopu A.F., Vasile D.C., Tuclea, C.E. 2015. Principles and Best Practices in Successful Tourism Business Incubators. The Amfiteatru Economic Journal. No17. Р. 474–487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sansone G., Andreotti P., Colombelli A., Landoni P. 2020. Are Social Incubators Different from Other Incubators? Evidence from Italy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. No158. Р. 120-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120132</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seminar E., Wooster O.H., Schiffrik C., Sikandar E., King K., Moledina A., Leeper T. 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiopu A.F., Vasile D.C., Tuclea, C.E. 2015. Principles and Best Practices in Successful Tourism Business Incubators. The Amfiteatru Economic Journal. No17. Р. 474–487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catalyzing Food Entrepreneurship: Insights for Food Incubators.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seminar E., Wooster O.H., Schiffrik C., Sikandar E., King K., Moledina A., Leeper T. 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sentana E., Gonzalez R., Gasco J., Llopis J. 2018. New Strategies to Measure and Strengthen the Social Role of business incubators: their application to a Spanish region. European Journal of International Management. 12(5-6). Р. 536-553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catalyzing Food Entrepreneurship: Insights for Food Incubators.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soetanto D.P., Jack S.L. 2013. Business Incubators and the Networks of Technology-Based Firms. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 38(4). Р. 432-453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sentana E., Gonzalez R., Gasco J., Llopis J. 2018. New Strategies to Measure and Strengthen the Social Role of business incubators: their application to a Spanish region. European Journal of International Management. 12(5-6). Р. 536-553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soltanifar E., Keramati A., Moshki R. 2012. An Innovative Model of Business Management in Knowledge-Based Organisations: The case of the business incubators. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. No6. Р. 573–596. DOI: 10.1504/IJBIR.2012.048787</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soetanto D.P., Jack S.L. 2013. Business Incubators and the Networks of Technology-Based Firms. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 38(4). Р. 432-453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spigel B. 2015. The Relational Organization of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice. 41(1). Р. 49–72. DOI: 10.1111/etap.12167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soltanifar E., Keramati A., Moshki R. 2012. An Innovative Model of Business Management in Knowledge-Based Organisations: The case of the business incubators. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. No6. Р. 573–596. DOI: 10.1504/IJBIR.2012.048787</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutopo W., Astuti R.W., Suryandari R.T. 2019. Accelerating a Technology Commercialization; with a Discussion on the Relation between technology Transfer Efficiency and Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 5(4).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spigel B. 2015. The Relational Organization of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice. 41(1). Р. 49–72. DOI: 10.1111/etap.12167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torun M., Peconick L., Sobreiro V., Kimura H., Pique J. 2018. Assessing Business Incubation: A Review on Benchmarking. International Journal of Innovation Studies. 2(3). Р. 91-100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutopo W., Astuti R.W., Suryandari R.T. 2019. Accelerating a Technology Commercialization; with a Discussion on the Relation between technology Transfer Efficiency and Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 5(4).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villares M.O.D.C., Miguéns-Refojo V., Ferreiro-Seoane F.J. 2020. Business Survival and the Influence of Innovation on Entrepreneurs in Business Incubators. Sustainability. No12. Р. 61-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torun M., Peconick L., Sobreiro V., Kimura H., Pique J. 2018. Assessing Business Incubation: A Review on Benchmarking. International Journal of Innovation Studies. 2(3). Р. 91-100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voisey P., Gornall L., Jones P., Thomas B. 2006. The Measurement of Success in a Business Incubation Project. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 13(3). Р. 454–468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villares M.O.D.C., Miguéns-Refojo V., Ferreiro-Seoane F.J. 2020. Business Survival and the Influence of Innovation on Entrepreneurs in Business Incubators. Sustainability. No12. Р. 61-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., He Q., Xia S., Sarpong D., Xiong A., Maas G. 2020. Capacities of Business Incubator and Regional Innovation Performance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. No158. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voisey P., Gornall L., Jones P., Thomas B. 2006. The Measurement of Success in a Business Incubation Project. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 13(3). Р. 454–468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao L., North D. 2018. The Role of Technological Business Incubators in Supporting Business Innovation in China: A Case of Regional adaptability? Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 30(1-2). Р. 29-57. DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2017.1364789</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z., He Q., Xia S., Sarpong D., Xiong A., Maas G. 2020. Capacities of Business Incubator and Regional Innovation Performance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. No158. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zotov V.B., Koniagina M.N., Shapkina E.A., Pikalova E.A., Stepanova D.I. 2019. Experience in Implementing Student Business Incubator in Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education. 22(4).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao L., North D. 2018. The Role of Technological Business Incubators in Supporting Business Innovation in China: A Case of Regional adaptability? Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 30(1-2). Р. 29-57. DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2017.1364789</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конина Н.Ю., Ноздрёва Р.Б., Буренин В.А. и др. 2018. Современные проблемы менеджмента, маркетинга и предпринимательства: монография. Москва. 485 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zotov V.B., Koniagina M.N., Shapkina E.A., Pikalova E.A., Stepanova D.I. 2019. Experience in Implementing Student Business Incubator in Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education. 22(4).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хотяшева О.М., Слесарев М.А. 2018. Бизнес-инкубаторы как элемент инновационной экосистемы: современное состояние и тенденции (Часть I). Экономические науки. No169. С. 45-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konina N.Yu., Nozdryova R.B., Burenin V.A. i dr. 2018. Sovremennye problemy menedzhmenta, marketinga i predprinimatel'stva: monografiya [Modern Problems of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship: Monograph]. Moscow. 485 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хотяшева О.М., Слесарев М.А. 2019. Бизнес-инкубаторы как элемент инновационной экосистемы: современное состояние и тенденции (Часть 2). Экономические науки. No170. С. 23-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hotyasheva O.M., Slesarev M.A. 2018. Biznes-inkubatory kak element innovacionnoj ekosistemy: sovremennoe sostoyanie i tendencii (Chast' I) [Business Incubators as an Element of the Innovation Ecosystem: Current State and Trends (Part I)]. Ekonomicheskie nauki. No169. P. 45-50. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hotyasheva O.M., Slesarev M.A. 2019. Biznes-inkubatory kak element innovacionnoj ekosistemy: sovremennoe sostoyanie i tendencii (Chast' 2) [Business Incubators as an Element of the Innovation Ecosystem: Current State and Trends (Part II)]. Ekonomicheskie nauki. No170. P. 23-28. (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hotyasheva O.M., Slesarev M.A. 2019. Biznes-inkubatory kak element innovacionnoj ekosistemy: sovremennoe sostoyanie i tendencii (Chast' 2) [Business Incubators as an Element of the Innovation Ecosystem: Current State and Trends (Part II)]. Ekonomicheskie nauki. No170. P. 23-28. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
