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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2022-5-86-7-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3227</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Институты лидерства в международном развитии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Institutions of Leadership for International Development</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпоха и личность Петра I в исследованиях Николая Валерьевича Чарыкова</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Epoch and Personality of Peter the Great in Nikolay Charykov’s Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Александрович Чернов – доктор исторических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры отечественной истории и археологии</p><p>443099, Самара, М. Горького, 65/67</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Chernov – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Depart- ment of National History and Archaeology</p><p>Gorky, 65/67, 443099, Samara, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный социально-педагогический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Social and Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чернов О.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чернов О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernov O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3227">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3227</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются исторические исследования Н.В. Чарыкова, которые содержат анализ предпосылок, характера и последствий петровских реформ. В своих исследованиях Н.В. Чарыков доказывал, что реформы Петра I не представляли собой радикального разрыва с прошлыми периодами развития России; усвоение научных знаний и практических навыков, необходимых для модернизации, началось задолго до Петра Великого. В допетровское время в России использовались достижения европейской науки, успешно развивалась и наука. Россия была частью единой европейской системы ещё до Петра I, о чём свидетельствуют такие факты, как женитьба Ивана III на Софье Палеолог; привлечение Иваном IV пленных ливонцев на российскую службу; отправка русской молодёжи на обучение в западноевропейские университеты. У Бориса Годунова был замысел по формированию европейской лиги христианских государей. Наиболее подробно Н.В. Чарыков анализировал период правления царя Алексея Михайловича, в частности, планы последнего по широкому привлечению представителей Западной Европы в разные сферы жизни России.</p><p>Н.В. Чарыков подчёркивал, что и будущий император Пётр Великий сформировался как личность под влиянием модернизационных процессов и интеграционного взаимодействия России с другими европейскими странами. Чарыков пришёл к выводу, что развитие России в допетровский период объективно вело к реформам. Противостояние Софьи и Петра он оценивал как межличностную борьбу за власть, которая не нарушала главной тенденции развития России. Петровские реформы стали логичным и естественным следствием ранее начатых процессов. Заслуга императора состояла в том, что он успешно продолжил ранее начатые преобразования, наложив на их осуществление особенности своего склада характера и мышления, что привело к рождению Российской империи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article reviews the academic contribution of Russian historian and diplomat Nikolay Charykov (1855-1930) to our understanding of the reforms by Peter the Great. In his research, Nikolay Charykov argues that the reforms did not result in a radical break with previous Russia's historical path. He stresses that the cultivation of scientific knowledge and labor skills necessary for modernization started in Russia long before Peter the Great because Russia was part of a European system even before Peter the Great. For example, the author points to Ivan III's marriage to Zoe Palaiologina (Sophia Palaiologina); the employment of captive Livonians by Ivan IV; sending Russian youth to study at Western European universities; Boris Godunov's plans to form a European league of Christian sovereigns. Nikolay Charykov focuses in his studies on the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, pointing to his plans to increase the involvement of Westerners in various spheres of life in Russia. Moreover, Nikolay Charykov shows that the personality of the future Emperor was formed under the influence of Russia's increasing interaction with European countries. He concludes that the development of Russia before Peter led to Peter's reforms. He saw the struggle between Sophia and Peter as an interpersonal struggle for power, which in no way violated the primary trend of Russia's development. Peter's reforms became a logical and natural consequence of the previous processes. The merit of Peter was that he successfully continued the previously started transformations by adding to them his character and thinking, which led to the birth of the Russian Empire.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Пётр Великий</kwd><kwd>Н.В. Чарыков</kwd><kwd>предпосылки петровских реформ</kwd><kwd>Алексей Михайлович</kwd><kwd>Павел Менезий</kwd><kwd>Иван Грозный</kwd><kwd>Григорий Микулин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Peter the Great</kwd><kwd>Nikolay Charykov</kwd><kwd>prerequisites of Peter's reforms</kwd><kwd>Alexey Mikhailovich</kwd><kwd>Pavel Meneziy</kwd><kwd>Ivan the Terrible</kwd><kwd>Grigory Mikulin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bushkovitch P. 2001. Peter the Great the Struggle for Power, 1671–1725. 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