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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2022-5-86-150-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Институты лидерства в международном развитии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Institutions of Leadership for International Development</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политические и институциональные подходы к продвижению международной религиозной свободы в системе внешней политики США в 1998–2020 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political and Institutional Approaches to Advancing International Religious Freedom in the U.S. Foreign Policy in 1998–2020</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щипков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchipkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Александрович Щипков — кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры международной журналистики</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily A. Shchipkov — PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor at International Journalism Department</p><p>119454, Moscow, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shchipkov_V_A@mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations (university)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щипков В.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щипков В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchipkov V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3233">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3233</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи — выявить вектор и принципы формирования институциональной и политической инфраструктуры США с 1998 по 2020 гг., возникшей для воплощения концепции международной религиозной свободы. Представленный анализ исходит из того, что эта концепция стала востребованной после окончания холодной войны, в 1990-х годах, когда старая риторика Запада в защиту религии от социалистическо-атеистических идей потеряла актуальность из-за политических (распад восточного блока) и культурных (рост значимости религии в жизни многих незападных стран мира) причин. Представленное исследование, опираясь на хронологический принцип и методы реконструкции и моделирования, излагает историю возникновения и развития в США инфраструктуры, которая укрепляла внешнюю политику США по продвижению международной религиозной свободы и состояла из правовых актов, административных подразделений, общественнополитических организаций, научно-исследовательских центров, экспертных площадок, межведомственных координационных форматов, правозащитных проектов, фондов и грантовых программ, наконец, новых международных организаций. В статье реконструкция этого процесса разделена на два этапа, связанных с принятием в США двух определяющих это направление правовых документов: Закона о международной религиозной свободе в 1998 г. и поправок к нему, носящих имя Фрэнка Вульфа, — в 2016 г. В исследовании сделан вывод, что за последние 20 лет религиозное направление окончательно выделилось в самостоятельную и единую сферу внешней политики США, хотя развивалось непоследовательно и неоднократно корректировалось. Теоретической базой этого направления стала концепция международной религиозной свободы, а практической — разветвлённая общественно-политическая инфраструктура, замкнутая на центры принятия решений в США. Концепция международной религиозной свободы утверждает, что более 80% населения Земли испытывают притеснения по религиозному признаку. Она легитимирует повсеместную поддержку религиозных меньшинств в противовес религиозному большинству, что открывает дорогу США для выстраивания устойчивых связей с религиозными общинами и их лидерами по всему миру и позволяет влиять через них на политические процессы в разных регионах. В последнее время США активизировали интеграцию этого направления в международные институты, одним из итогов чего стало учреждение Альянса по международной религиозной свободе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article traces the institutional and political evolution of the US implementing its concept of international religious freedom from 1998 to 2020. The concept became popular after the end of the Cold War when the defense of religion against socialistatheist ideas had lost its relevance due to political (the collapse of the Eastern bloc) and cultural (the growing importance of religion in many non-Western countries of the world) reasons. The article starts by reviewing the history of the emergence and development of the institutional infrastructure (legal acts, administrative entities, public and political organizations, think tanks, expert platforms, interdepartmental coordination formats, human rights projects, funding and grant programs, and new international organizations) that supported the US foreign policy advancing international religious freedom. The article divides the reconstruction of this process into two periods formed by adopting two acts: in 1998 — the International Religious Freedom Act, and in 2016 — the amendment to this Act named after congressman Frank Wolf. The study concludes that over the past twenty years, religion has finally developed as an independent track of the US foreign policy, although it has been developing inconsistently and has undergone repeated corrections. The concept of international religious freedom has become the ideational basis of this track, while the extensive institutional and political infrastructure serves as its apparatus. More than 80 percent of the world's population encounters religious persecution. It legitimizes the concept, which encourages widespread support for religious minorities as opposed to the religious majority, and opens the way for the US to build sustainable ties with religious communities and their leaders worldwide, allowing them to influence political processes in different regions. The US has recently promoted the integration of this policy track into international institutions, establishing the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международная религиозная свобода</kwd><kwd>религиозный фактор во внешней политике США</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>religion as a factor in US foreign policy</kwd><kwd>international religious freedom</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annicchino P. 2017. Law and International Religious Freedom: The Rise and Decline of the American Model. London, New York: Routledge. 128 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annicchino P. 2017. Law and International Religious Freedom: The Rise and Decline of the American Model. 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