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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2023-1-88-7-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3318</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. История дипломатии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. History of diplomacy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Государственный интерес» и гуманитарная дипломатия Оливера Кромвеля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The “State Interest” and Humanitarian Diplomacy of Oliver Cromwell</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивонина</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivonina</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Ивановна Ивонина – доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры всеобщей истории и международных отношений</p><p>214000, г. Смоленск, ул. Пржевальского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila I. Ivonina – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of General History and International Relations</p><p>214000, Smolensk, Przheval- skogo str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivonins@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Смоленский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Smolensk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивонина Л.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивонина Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivonina L.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3318">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3318</self-uri><abstract><p>Период XVI – первая половина XVII столетия сыграл ключевую роль в становлении международного права, концепций суверенитета и формирования системы государств, которая впоследствии оформилась Вестфальским миром 1648 г. В то время европейские государи начали в своей внешней политике принимать во внимание гуманитарные принципы. Они опирались на политическую мысль своего времени и развивавшееся «право народов», в рамках которого возник дискурс жестокого правительства (тирании). Практику вмешательства с целью защиты преследуемых в другой стране ярко демонстрировала анализируемая в статье поддержка лордом-протектором Английской республики Оливером Кромвелем протестантов-вальденсов в Савойском герцогстве в 1655 г. В отличие от современной точки зрения на этот политический акт, автор статьи не считает, что лорд-протектор отказывался от прочих государственных соображений и ставил под сомнение заключение англо-французского союза против Испании ради прекращения репрессий против вальденсов. Гуманитарная политика Кромвеля имела реалистскую основу. Прекрасно осведомлённый о сложной внутриполитической ситуации во Франции и приоритетах французской внешней политики, Кромвель был уверен, что первый министр кардинал Мазарини не откажется от необходимого Парижу союза с Лондоном из-за поддержки протестантских подданных Савойского герцога. Внешняя политика протектората в Савойе-Пьемонте была одним из наиболее значимых прецедентов применения гуманитарных принципов к международным отношениям. Оливер Кромвель не ущемлял интересов собственной страны. Поддержка преследуемых в Пьемонте, несмотря на финансовые издержки на содержание специальных посольств и флота в Средиземном море, а также создание Фонда помощи вальденсам, напротив, продемонстрировала силу и авторитет Английского государства. Гуманитарная дипломатия и по сей день в подавляющем большинстве случаев тесно взаимосвязана с государственным интересом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The 16th–first half of the 17th century was a vital period for the emergence of international law, sovereignty, and the modern international system. European sovereigns also started considering at that time what today would be termed humanitarian issues in foreign policy. They relied in this mostly on the contemporary theological thought and the nascent “Law of Nations,” which fostered a discourse opposing the extremes of government (tyranny). The article analyzes one of the most vivid examples of such humanitarian foreign policy – foreign intervention by the Lord Protector of the English Republic, Oliver Cromwell, in the Duchy of Savoy in 1655 to protect the Waldensian Protestants, who suffered persecution there. Contrary to the modern historiography, the article argues that Cromwell did not abandon all other state considerations in questioning the conclusion of the Anglo-French alliance against Spain to stop the repression against the Waldensians. Cromwell’s humanitarian policy was carried out in line with Realpolitik. Aware of the complicated domestic political situation in France and of the goals of French foreign policy, he was sure that Prime Minister Cardinal Mazarin was unlikely to give up the alliance with London in response to the London’s support of the Protestant subjects of the Duke of Savoy. Cromwellian Foreign Policy in SavoyPiedmont demonstrates one of the most significant cases of implementing the humanitarian principles in international relations. At the same time, Oliver Cromwell did not infringe upon the interests of his own country. On the contrary, despite the financial costs of maintaining special embassies and a fleet in the Mediterranean and creating the Waldensian Relief Fund, the support of the persecuted in Piedmont demonstrated the strength and authority of the English state.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гуманитарная дипломатия</kwd><kwd>Вестфальская система</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика Кромвеля</kwd><kwd>савойские вальденсы</kwd><kwd>англо-французский союз</kwd><kwd>государственный интерес</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>humanitarian diplomacy</kwd><kwd>Westphalian system</kwd><kwd>Cromwellian Foreign Policy</kwd><kwd>Savoyard Waldensians</kwd><kwd>Anglo-French alliance</kwd><kwd>the reason of state</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams S. 2002. Leicester and the Court: Essays on Elizabethan Politics. 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