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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2023-1-88-177-200</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Религия и этничность в ближневосточной политике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Religion and Ethnicity in Middle East Politics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ взлета и падения движения иракских суннитов «Пробуждение»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Rise and Fall of the Iraqi Sunni Awakening Movement</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севдималиев</surname><given-names>Рамиз Мамедали оглу</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevdimaliyev</surname><given-names>Ramiz</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамиз Мамедали оглу Севдималиев – доктор политических наук, профессор кафедры международных отношений, Бакинский государственный университет</p><p>AZ1148, Баку, ул. Акад. Захида Халилова, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ramiz M. Sevdimaliyev – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor at the Department of International Relations</p><p>Azerbaijan, AZ1148, Baku, Acad. Zahid Khalilov str., 23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sevdimaliyev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бакинский государственный университет (Азербайджан)</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baku State University (Azerbaijan)</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Севдималиев Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Севдималиев Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sevdimaliyev R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3325">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3325</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучается становление суннитского движения "Пробуждение" (или “Сахва”) в качестве примера того, как различные группы могут мобилизоваться для коллективных действий и распадаться под воздействием внутренних и внешних факторов. Также изучаются мотивы вождей суннитских племён выступить против Аль-Каиды в Ираке (АКИ) и факторы, оказавшие решающее влияние на распад движения "Пробуждение". Пример “Сахва” также позволяет лучше понять, что побудило вождей суннитских племён сначала провинции аль-Анбар, а затем других провинций Ирака выступить против АКИ. Утверждается, что возникновение иракского суннитского «Пробуждения» было связано не столько с чувством идеологического, патриотического или религиозного долга, сколько с потерей экономической власти вождей племён, которые решили мобилизоваться против АКИ. После 2006 года суннитское движение “Сахва” являлось ключевым компонентом стратегии США в борьбе с джихадистскими группами. Рост деятельности “Сахва” привёл к тому, что многие иностранные боевики Исламского государства Ирак (ИГИ) покинули Ирак, и накал межконфессионального конфликта в стране существенно снизился. После официальной передачи контроля над "Сахва”иракскому правительству отношение суннитских племён с официальным Багдадом ухудшалось, так как премьерминистр Аль-Малики проводил систематическую политику маргинализации и ликвидации "Сахва”. На распад "Сахва” сильное воздействие оказали два решения США, которые имели стратегическое значение для Ирака: (а) поддержка Нури аль-Малики после его поражения на парламентских выборах 2010 года, на которых победу одержала светская суннитско-шиитская коалиция; (б) неудачный выбор времени вывода американских войск из Ирака, так как к концу 2011 года иракские силы безопасности все ещё не были готовы обеспечить безопасность страны. В результате в 2012 году многочисленные сторонники движения "Сахва” принимали участие в антиправительственных выступлениях в провинции Анбар и тысячи бойцов движения присоединились к ИГИЛ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article studies the rise of the Sunni Awakening (or Sahwa) movement as an example of how different groups can be mobilized for collective action and disintegrated by internal and external factors. It also examines the motives of the Sunni tribal leaders to oppose the AQI and the factors that had a decisive influence on the disintegration of the Awakening movement. The emergence of the Iraqi Sunni Awakening was associated not so much with a sense of ideological, patriotic, or religious obligation but with the loss of economic power of the tribal leaders who decided to mobilize against the AQI.</p><p>Since 2006, the Sunni Awakening has been a key component of the US strategy to combat jihadi groups. The growth of the movement's activity led to a weakening of the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) and a significant decrease in the intensity of interfaith conflict in the country. After the official transfer of control of the Awakening to the Iraqi government, the relationship of the Sunni tribes with official Baghdad deteriorated, as Prime Minister Al-Maliki pursued a systematic policy of marginalizing and eliminating the Awakening. The disintegration of the Awakening was strongly influenced by two US decisions that were of strategic importance to Iraq: (a) support for al-Maliki following his defeat in the 2010 parliamentary elections, won by the secular Sunni-Shiite coalition; (b) poor timing of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq, as by the end of 2011, the Iraqi security forces were still not ready to ensure the country's security. As a result, in 2012, numerous supporters of the Sahwa began to participate in anti-government revolts, and thousands of fighters from the movement joined ISIL.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ирак</kwd><kwd>Временная коалиционная администрация (ВКА)</kwd><kwd>суннитские племена</kwd><kwd>Пробуждение (Сахва)</kwd><kwd>ИГИЛ.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iraq</kwd><kwd>Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA)</kwd><kwd>Sunni tribes</kwd><kwd>Awakening (Sahwa)</kwd><kwd>ISIS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnold M. B. 2008. The US ‘Surge’ as a Collaborative Corrective for Iraq. The RUSI Journal. Vol. 153, No. 2. P. 24-29. DOI: 10.1080/03071840802103199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arnold M. B. 2008. The US ‘Surge’ as a Collaborative Corrective for Iraq. The RUSI Journal. Vol. 153, No. 2. P. 24-29. 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