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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2023-3-90-81-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3410</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. История и теория дипломатии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Diplomatic History and Theory</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разноречивые советские отклики на Лозаннский процесс (1922–1924 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Conflicting Soviet Responses to the Lausanne Process (1922-1924)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Франко</surname><given-names>Р. Матос</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Franco</surname><given-names>R. Matos</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Р. Матос Франко – аспирант Департамента истории; аспирантРоссия, 190068, Санкт- Петербург, Набережная канала Грибоедова, 123, лит. АИталия, 10124, Torino, Via Verdi, 8. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rmmatosf@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Санкт-Петербург), Россия;&#13;
Туринский университет, Италия;</institution><country>Италия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University – Higher School of Economics (Saint Petersburg), Russia;&#13;
University of Turin, Italy</institution><country>Italy</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Франко Р.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Франко Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Franco R.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3410">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3410</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается советская реакция на так называемый «Лозаннский процесс» (май – ноябрь 1923 г.), процесс и суд над русскими эмигрантами Морицем Конради и Аркадием Полуниным, убившими 10 мая 1923 г. советского представителя в Италии, главу делегации на Лозаннской конференции Вацлава Вацлавовича Воровского. Лозаннский процесс оказал положительное влияние на русскую эмиграцию после того, как 16 ноября 1923 г. Конради и Полунин были оправданы швейцарским судом присяжных и признаны «невиновными» по причине того, что они «мстили» за жертв советских репрессий. Всё более признанным фактом в историографии является то, что многие русские эмигранты способствовали превращению судебного процесса в обличение большевизма. Однако почти ничего не известно о реакции советского правительства на убийство Воровского и о том, как Народный комиссариат иностранных дел (НКИД) пытался организовать участие в обвинительном процессе. Статья базируется в основном на найденных в Архиве внешней политики Российской Федерации неопубликованных письмах, написанных советскими правительственными чиновниками. Обращая внимание на международный контекст 1923 г., текст следует историографической тенденции, в которой прослеживается больше коллективного руководства и институциональной автономии в советских внешнеполитических решениях после возрастающей изоляции Ленина с конца 1922 г. В статье показано, как после запрета швейцарским правительством советскому правительству участвовать в процессе в качестве истца Москва прибегла к нетрадиционным действиям, выходящим за рамки формальной дипломатии, в том числе к сотрудничеству с некоммунистическими акторами для того, чтобы изображать СССР в Лозанне в позитивном, «объективном» свете. Однако в данной статье выдвигается тезис о том, что бюрократическая составляющая, присущая советскому государству, мешала победе в суде. Ведение Лозаннского процесса со стороны обвинения является в то же время показательным примером работы после Гражданской войны советских государственных учреждений, с трудом взаимодействующих друг с другом через укоренившуюся бюрократию, в далекой от предполагаемых «тоталитарных» привычек манере. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the Soviet responses to the Lausanne Process, which took place from May to November 1923. The process involved the trial of Russian émigrés Moritz Conradi and Arkadii Polunin, who were accused of murdering Vatslav Vatslavovich Vorovskii, the Soviet representative in Italy and head of the delegation to the Lausanne Conference, on May 10, 1923. The acquittal of Conradi and Polunin by a Swiss jury on November 16, 1923, under the verdict of "not guilty," as they were seen as avenging victims of Soviet repression, had a significant impact on the Russian emigration. While the historiography increasingly recognizes the role of various Russian émigrés in turning the trial into a denunciation of Bolshevism, little is known about the Soviet government's response to Vorovskii's killing and the efforts of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (NKID) to participate in the legal proceedings. By analyzing unpublished letters written by Soviet government officials found in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation and considering the international context of 1923, this study aligns with the historiographic trend that emphasizes collective leadership and institutional autonomy in Soviet foreign policy decisions following Lenin's increasing isolation in late 1922. The research demonstrates that when the Swiss government prevented the Soviet counterpart from participating as a legal party in the process, Moscow resorted to non-traditional foreign projections, which encompassed actions beyond formal diplomacy, and even involved non-communist actors to present the USSR in a positive and "objective" light at Lausanne. However, the bureaucratic complexities of the Soviet state hindered success in court. Thus, the handling of the Lausanne Process by the prosecution serves as an illustrative example of how post-Civil War Soviet institutions operated in relation to one another, characterized by intricate dynamics and an entrenched bureaucracy, far from the alleged "totalitarian" tendencies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>В.В. Воровский</kwd><kwd>Лозаннский процесс</kwd><kwd>М.М.Конради</kwd><kwd>ранняя советская дипломатия</kwd><kwd>Народный комиссариат иностранных дел (НКИД)</kwd><kwd>М.М.Литвинов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>V.V. Vorovskii</kwd><kwd>Lausanne Process</kwd><kwd>M.M. Conradi</kwd><kwd>early Soviet diplomacy</kwd><kwd>People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (NKID)</kwd><kwd>M.M. Litvinov</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aubert T. 1924. Le procès du bolchévisme. L’affaire Conradi : plaidoirie prononcée pour Arcadius Polounine devant le Tribunal criminel de Lausanne, les 14 et 15 novembre 1923. Geneva: Sonor. 132 p. (In French)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aubert T. 1924. Le procès du bolchévisme. L’affaire Conradi : plaidoirie prononcée pour Arcadius Polounine devant le Tribunal criminel de Lausanne, les 14 et 15 novembre 1923. 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