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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2023-3-90-244-262</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3417</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Мировая экономика и внешняя торговля</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. World Economy and International Trade</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Избыточная доходность взаимных фондов в США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Excess Return of US Mutual Funds</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Вячеславович Артамонов – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой Математики, эконометрики и информационных технологий</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Artamonov – PhD in Mathematics, associate professor, Head of Dept. for Mathematics, Econometrics and IT</p><p>76 Prospect Vernadskogo, 119454, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artamonov@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбацкий</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatskii</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Николаевич Курбацкий – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой Эконометрики и математических методов экономики119234, Москва, Ленинские Горы, д.1, стр. 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei N. Kurbatskii – PhD in Mathematics, associate professor, Head of Department of Econometrics and Mathematical Methods in Economics</p><p>1/61 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akurbatskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московская школа экономики МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>244</fpage><lpage>262</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Артамонов Н.В., Курбацкий А.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Артамонов Н.В., Курбацкий А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Artamonov N.V., Kurbatskii A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3417">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3417</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются факторы, облегчающие и затрудняющие взаимным фондам задачу превзойти рынок. Важнейшими из включённых в модель факторов являются макроэкономические индикаторы, отобранные на основе обзора литературы. Вводная часть статьи посвящена аспектам в управлении фондами, начиная с наличия навыков и заканчивая экономией от масштаба, а также другими трудностями в получении избыточной доходности для инвесторов. Во второй части статьи проведён эмпирический анализ активно управляемых взаимных фондов США для установления связи между избыточной доходностью фондов и макропеременными, такими как спред между краткосрочными и долгосрочными ставками и кредитный спред. Более того, отдельно учитывается влияние положительных и отрицательных изменений спредов. Эконометрическая часть работы основывается на выборке, которая была составлена из фондов, заявляющих в качестве бенчмарка индекс S&amp;P 500 и инвестирующих в основном в различные секторы США. Для изучения результативности фондов с активными стратегиями используются модели панельных данных с избыточной доходностью в качестве зависимой переменной.</p><p>В статье рассматриваются периоды финансового кризиса и период пандемии COVID-19. В период пандемии коэффициенты при переменных значительно отличаются от остальных временных отрезков. Положительные и отрицательные изменения спреда между доходностями корпоративных облигаций оказались значимыми и положительными почти на всех периодах, что может быть важно с практической точки зрения для потенциальных инвесторов и подразумевает, что активные профессиональные портфельные управляющие преуспевают в периоды неопределённости. Двойные кластеризованные стандартные ошибки используются для контроля внешних шоков и кросс-корреляции фондов, а проведённая проверка модели на устойчивость подтверждает стабильность результатов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the factors that contribute to the outperformance of mutual funds in relation to the market, with a particular emphasis on the macroeconomic indicators as the key variables of interest. The paper begins by providing a comprehensive literature review on various factors that can impact the performance of mutual funds. The discussion encompasses a wide range of topics, including skill presence, diseconomies of scale, and other challenges associated with generating excess returns for investors.</p><p>In the second part of the paper, an empirical analysis is conducted using actively managed US mutual funds to establish a relationship between fund performance and macro-variables, specifically focusing on term and credit spreads. Furthermore, the study considers different returns on positive and negative changes in spreads. The sample consists of funds that primarily invest in various sectors within the United States, with the Standard and Poor's 500 (S&amp;P 500) serving as the benchmark. To assess the performance of funds with active strategies, panel data models are applied, with the excess return over the benchmark as the dependent variable. Different subperiods, including the financial crisis and the COVID-19 period, are examined. Notably, the impact of variables during the pandemic period differs significantly from other subperiods. The findings indicate that positive and negative changes in the spread between corporate bond yields have significant and positive effects across almost all periods, which has practical implications for potential investors. It suggests that active professional portfolio managers have been successful in uncertain periods. To control for external shocks and funds' cross-correlation, double-clustered standard errors are employed, and a series of robustness checks confirm the stability of the results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>взаимные фонды</kwd><kwd>индекс S&amp;P 500</kwd><kwd>избыточная доходность</kwd><kwd>казначейские облигации США</kwd><kwd>спред процентных ставок</kwd><kwd>кредитный спред</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mutual funds</kwd><kwd>S&amp;P 500 index</kwd><kwd>excess return</kwd><kwd>US Treasuries</kwd><kwd>term spread</kwd><kwd>credit spread</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Благодарности: Курбацкий Алексей Николаевич благодарит Российский Научный Фонд за финансовую поддержку данного исследования в рамках гранта No 20 68 47030 "Эконометрические и вероятностные методы для анализа финансовых рынков сложной структуры". Авторы благодарны главному управляющему активами “АТОН-менеджмент” Емельянову Никите за ценные практические наблюдения, советы и помощь.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Aleksei Kurbatskii gratefully acknowledges the support of the Russian Science Foundation under grant no. 20 68 47030 for the project titled "Econometric and probabilistic methods for the analysis of financial markets with complex structure." The authors would like to extend their heartfelt appreciation to Nikita Emelyanov, the chief asset manager of "ATON-Management," for his invaluable practical insights, recommendations, and assistance throughout the course of this research.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artamonov N., Voronina A., Emelyanov N., Kurbatskii A. 2020. Estimation of Interest Rates’ Impact on Mutual Funds’ Performance in the USA. 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