mgimoreviewВестник МГИМО-УниверситетаMGIMO Review of International Relations2071-81602541-9099MGIMO Universty Press10.24833/2071-8160-2023-4-91-107-126mgimoreview-3484Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Мировая экономикаRESEARCH ARTICLES. World EconomyСравнительный анализ влияния глобальных цепочек создания стоимости на национальные экономикиComparative Assessment of Global Value Chains' Influence on National Economieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-3322ГончароваК. С.GoncharovaK. S.

Ксения Сергеевна Гончарова – кандидат экономических наук, научный сотрудник сектора исследований адаптации региональных систем

620014, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Московская, 29

Kseniya S. Goncharova – Candidate of Economic Sciences, research Assistant

620014, Russia, Yekaterinburg, st. Moskovskaia, 29

ksenia.gon4arowa@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-9587ШеломенцевА. Г.ShelomentsevA. G.

Андрей Геннадьевич Шеломенцев – доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры экономики и менеджмента

690014, г. Владивосток, ул. Гоголя, 41

Andrei G. Shelomentsev – Doctor of Economics, Professor

690014, Vladivostok, st. Gogol, 41

a.shelom@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-8597МасюкН. Н.MasyukN. N.

Наталья Николаевна Масюк – доктор экономических наук, профессор690014, г. Владивосток, ул. Гоголя, 41

Natalya N. Masyuk – Doctor of Economical Science, Professor, Economics and Management Department

690014, Vladivostok, st. Gogol, 41

masyukn@gmail.comИнститут экономики Уральского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationВладивостокский государственный университетРоссияVladivostok State UniversityRussian Federation202319092023164107126Copyright © Гончарова К.С., Шеломенцев А.Г., Масюк Н.Н., 20232023Гончарова К.С., Шеломенцев А.Г., Масюк Н.Н.Goncharova K.S., Shelomentsev A.G., Masyuk N.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3484

В статье анализируется взаимосвязь процессов формирования и расширения глобальных цепочек создания стоимости и динамики трансформации национальных экономик. Указанная взаимосвязь рассмотрена в аспекте деятельности зарубежных транснациональных компаний, работающих в сфере химии и фармацевтики, электроники, производства электрического оборудования и автомобильной промышленности. В работе сделан ряд выводов. Во-первых, о наличии в рассматриваемых отраслях общемировой тенденции постепенного сокращения доли отечественных производителей; наиболее ярко данная тенденция проявляется в странах бывшего социалистического блока Центральной и Восточной Европы – Польше, Болгарии, Чехии, Литве, Латвии, Эстонии и Румынии. Ранее в указанных странах отечественные компании производили более 50 % совокупных объемов по видам продукции. Во-вторых, в наибольшей степени удельный вес иностранных компании в общем объеме произведенной продукции занимает в сфере производства автомобилей. В 33 из 58 анализируемых стран более 50 % производства осуществляется иностранными транснациональными компаниями. В-третьих, значительный вклад в развитие ГЦСС, посредством активной экспансии национальных ТНК, вносят ряд государств Западной Европы, Ближнего Востока и Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона – Германия, Италия, Франция, Израиль, США, Китай, Япония, Российская Федерация, Индия, Корея. Международные компании данных стран постепенно выстраивают глобальную социально-экономическую систему. В-четвертых, в последние годы, под влиянием экстраординарных факторов (пандемии COVID-19, торговой войны между Китаем и США, СВО РФ) сформировался новый этап развития глобальных цепочек добавленной стоимости, характеризующийся требованием к существенному переосмыслению стратегий действующих участников глобальных цепочек, продиктованных стремлением сохранения жизнеспособности последних.

In recent decades, a predominant trend in the transformation of national economies worldwide has been the extensive establishment of global value chains and the increased activities of transnational corporations (TNCs). Despite the scale of these phenomena, they have not received adequate scholarly attention, both at the level of individual countries and on a global scale. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis that combines theoretical approaches with empirical investigations of the interplay between the formation and vigorous expansion of global value chains and the dynamics of national economic transformation worldwide. This relationship is examined in the context of foreign multinational corporations operating in sectors such as chemistry and pharmaceuticals, electronics, electrical equipment, and the automotive industry.To achieve the objectives of this study, a range of complementary research methods were employed, including descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, generalization and grouping techniques, and cartographic analysis. The study yields several key findings:

Firstly, a global trend of progressive reduction in the share of domestic producers within the industries under consideration has been observed. This trend is most conspicuous in the countries of the former socialist bloc in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Romania. These countries previously maintained domestic production levels exceeding 50% of the total volume for the specific product types.

Secondly, the field of automobile production exhibits the highest proportion of foreign companies contributing to the total volume of products manufactured. In 33 out of the 58 countries analyzed, foreign multinational corporations account for more than 50% of production. Thirdly, a selection of countries in Western Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region—such as Germany, Italy, France, Israel, the USA, China, Japan, the Russian Federation, India, and Korea—play a substantial role in the development of global value chains through the active expansion of their national TNCs. International companies from these countries are progressively shaping a global socio-economic framework.

Lastly, recent years have seen the emergence of a new stage in the evolution of global value chains, prompted by exceptional factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the trade conflict between China and the United States, and the conflict in Ukraine. This stage necessitates a profound reconsideration of the strategies employed by current participants in global chains, driven by the imperative of preserving their sustainability.

глобальные цепочки создания стоимостиГЦССустойчивое развитиенациональная экономикатрансформационные процессытехнонационализмAMNE (the Analytical AMNE database)Парижское соглашение по климатупандемия Covid-19.global value chainsGVCssustainable developmentsustainabilitynational economytransformationtechno nationalismAMNE (the Analytical AMNE database)the Paris AgreementCovid-19 pandemicПубликация подготовлена в рамках выполнения НИР по госзаданию Института экономики Уральского отделения РАН на 2021–2023 гг. № 0327-2021-0011 «Институциональные модели и факторы социальной и экономической адаптации населения региона в условиях перехода к динамичному развитию».The article has been prepared in the framework of the state task to the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2021-2023, No. 0327-2021-0011 «Institutional models and factors of social and economic adaptation of the regional population in the context of the transition to dynamic development».ReferencesAl-Omoush K.S., Lucas A., del Val M. 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