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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2023-5-92-7-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3518</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. История международных отношений и внешней политики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. History of International Relations and Foreign Policy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Lost in Broadcasting: Лига Наций, международное радиовещание и швейцарский нейтралитет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lost in Broadcasting: League of Nations, International Broadcasting and Swiss Neutrality</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9877-8862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходнев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodnev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Ходнев – доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой всеобщей истории, профессор</p><p>150000, Ярославская область, г. Ярославль, ул. Республиканская, д. 108/1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Khodnev – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of World History</p><p>150000, Yaroslavl, Respublikanskaya street, 108/1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khodnev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный педагогический университет им. К.Д. Ушинского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ходнев А.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ходнев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khodnev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3518">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3518</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена истории трансграничного радиовещания Лиги Наций (ЛН) в 1930-х гг. и воздействию нейтралитета Швейцарии как принимающей страны на международную организацию. Документы из недавно оцифрованного и открытого архива ЛН в Женеве проливают свет на эту историю, в которой из небольшого конфликта интересов созрел серьёзный политический кризис и международноправовой прецедент, показавший, какое влияние на международную организацию может оказать небольшая принимающая страна. Создатели ЛН надеялись, что Женева предоставит лучшие условия для успешной работы организации, включая современные технические средства связи со всем миром. Однако появлению у Лиги собственного радиовещания помешал швейцарский нейтралитет. В середине 1920-х гг. в ЛН поняли, что в экстренных случаях штаб-квартира в Женеве не имела ни хорошей связи, ни транспортного сообщения, ни своей радиостанции. 21 мая 1930 г. было подписано базовое Соглашение о создании совместного предприятия ЛН и радиостанции Radio-Swiss. Трансляции радиостанции ЛН Radio-Nations начались 2 февраля 1932 г., в день начала работы Конференции по сокращению и ограничению вооружений. В мае 1938 г., в связи с назреванием конфликтов в Европе, Швейцария решила перейти к полному нейтралитету в рамках Лиги. В Федеральном совете страны обсуждали возможность приостановки действия соглашения от 21 мая 1930 г. и поддержки Radio-Nations. Неожиданно 3 ноября 1938 г. руководство ЛН в Женеве направило в Федеральный совет Швейцарии письмо, высказав в нём пожелание пересмотреть конвенцию 21 мая 1930 г. Ситуация вокруг ЛН и Radio-Nations изменилась после начала Второй мировой войны. Правительство Швейцарии решило не заключать новое соглашение с ЛН и  закрыть Radio-Nations со 2 февраля 1942 г. Швейцарское правительство, оберегая нейтралитет своей страны, внимательно наблюдало за событиями войны. На фоне успехов нацистской Германии на фронтах Берн принимал самые жёсткие меры в отношении ЛН, придерживаясь неуступчивой дипломатии. С 1943 г. отношение Берна к ЛН и разделу собственности Radio-Nations начало меняться, и удалось решить несколько финансовых вопросов. В 1947 г. ликвидационная комиссия ЛН передала остатки Radio-Nations и её радиоволны ООН.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article delves into the historical context of cross-border radio broadcasting during the 1930s by the League of Nations (LN) and the significant impact of Switzerland's neutrality as the host country on this international organization. Drawing from the recently digitized and accessible LN archive in Geneva, this narrative unveils a minor conflict of interest that evolved into a notable political crisis, marking an international legal precedent by showcasing the influence wielded by a smaller host nation upon a global organization. The architects of the League of Nations envisioned Geneva as an ideal hub for the organization's activities, complete with modern communication technologies for global outreach. However, Switzerland's neutral stance posed an obstacle to the establishment of the League's radio broadcasting infrastructure. Recognizing the absence of robust emergency communications, transport links, and the absence of a dedicated radio station in Geneva during the mid-1920s, the LN sought an agreement with the Radio-Swiss station. Consequently, the LN's own radio station, Radio-Nations, commenced broadcasting on February 2, 1932, coinciding with the start of the Conference on the Reduction and Limitation of Arms. By May 1938, amidst mounting tensions in Europe, Switzerland chose to assert complete neutrality within the League. Discussions within the Federal Council revolved around the possibility of suspending the agreement made on May 21, 1930, along with the support for Radio-Nations. Unexpectedly, on November 3, 1938, the LN leadership in Geneva expressed a desire to re-evaluate the 1930 convention. The outbreak of World War II drastically reshaped the relationship between the LN and Radio-Nations. Switzerland decided against entering into a new agreement with the LN, leading to the closure of Radio-Nations on February 2, 1942. Maintaining the nation's neutrality, the Swiss government vigilantly observed the unfolding events during the war. During the peak of Nazi Germany's advances, Bern adopted stringent measures against the LN, upholding a resolute diplomatic stance. However, the Swiss stance toward the LN and the division of Radio-Nations’ ownership gradually shifted from 1943, culminating in the resolution of several financial matters. Ultimately, in 1947, the LN's liquidation commission transferred the remaining assets of Radio-Nations and its radio waves to the United Nations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международная организация</kwd><kwd>Лига Наций</kwd><kwd>Radio-Nations</kwd><kwd>международное радиовещание</kwd><kwd>Швейцария</kwd><kwd>нейтралитет</kwd><kwd>международное интеллектуальное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international organization</kwd><kwd>League of Nations</kwd><kwd>Radio-Nations</kwd><kwd>” international broadcasting</kwd><kwd>Switzerland</kwd><kwd>neutrality</kwd><kwd>international intellectual cooperation</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Callahan M.D. 1999. Mandates and Empire: The League of Nations and Africa, 1914–1931. 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