<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2023-5-92-155-188</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3524</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние международной помощи на политические риски для прямых иностранных инвестиций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Foreign Aid’s Effect on Political Risks for Foreign Direct Investment: A Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9804-0630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бартенев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartenev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Игоревич Бартенев – кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Института перспективных стратегических исследований</p><p>101000, г. Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Bartenev – Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD in History), Leading Research Fellow, Institute for Advanced Strategic Studies</p><p>Russia, 20 Myasnitskaya, Moscow, 101000.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbartenev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>155</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бартенев В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бартенев В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bartenev V.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3524">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3524</self-uri><abstract><p>В последнее десятилетие на первый план в международном дискурсе вышел вопрос о расширении участия частного бизнеса в достижении целей устойчивого развития, в том числе в юрисдикциях с высоким уровнем риска. Эта задача может решаться с применением как инновационных инструментов мобилизации ресурсов частного сектора (квалифицируемых в настоящее время в ОЭСР как официальная помощь развитию (ОПР)), так и классических мер внешней поддержки самих нуждающихся стран, на которые пока приходится почти весь объём направляемых им средств. Цель обзора – оценить научный опыт осмысления проблемы влияния традиционных инструментов международной помощи на политические риски для прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ), обозначить имеющиеся ограничения и наметить пути их преодоления. В первом разделе кратко раскрыта суть заявленной проблемы и описаны принципы отбора литературы с применением библиографической базы Google Scholar. Во втором разделе наиболее релевантные работы классифицированы и сопоставлены по формальным признакам и методологическим параметрам. В последующих двух разделах обобщены результаты осмысления митигирующего воздействия международной помощи в целом и её влияния на отдельные виды политических рисков – экспроприацию, терроризм и коррупцию. В последнем разделе рассмотрена отдельная подгруппа работ, посвящённых специфическому опыту КНР как крупнейшего незападного донора.Проведённый библиометрический анализ позволяет сделать вывод: степень научной разработанности заявленной проблематики не соответствует уровню внимания, уделяемому ей в политическом дискурсе. Ощущается дефицит трудов, охватывающих весь спектр основных политических рисков для бизнеса. Лишь в исключительных случаях разграничивается митигирующий эффект грантов и кредитов, инструментов с разным целевым назначением; потоков, направляемых по правительственной линии и в обход официальных институтов. Нет исследований, которые бы рассматривали проблему митигации политических рисков для ПИИ посредством ОПР применительно ко всей совокупности западных и незападных провайдеров или изучали опыт любых других стран вне ОЭСР, кроме Китая. Преимущественно работы зарубежных учёных по заявленной проблематике не охватывают всех реципиентов, в их фокусе оказывается африканский континент, а разграничения между категориями получателей помощи – «хрупкими» и стабильными государствами, странами с различным уровнем дохода и т.д. – проводятся крайне редко. Наконец, пока в релевантных работах не изучались данные за период после начала пандемии COVID-19, которая внесла коррективы и в представления о политических рисках для транснационального бизнеса, и в распределение потоков международной помощи и ПИИ. Всё это указывает на наличие исследовательской ниши, заполнение которой будет иметь не только научное, но и прикладное значение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The last decade has seen an increasing focus on the involvement of the private sector in international sustainable development, particularly in high-risk jurisdictions. This involvement encompasses a broad spectrum, incorporating innovative private sector instruments—now acknowledged as ODA-eligible by the OECD—as well as traditional tools of external official support to developing countries, which remain the primary contributors to ODA flows. This literature review aims to consolidate the academic exploration of the enduring classic foreign aid tools' impact on the political risks associated with foreign direct investment (FDI), and identifies prevalent limitations while suggesting approaches to overcome these challenges.The first section delineates the central theme and rationale behind the literature selection process, utilizing the Google Scholar database to contextualize the research within a comprehensive framework. The subsequent section categorizes and compares the most relevant studies based on formal criteria and methodological parameters. Sections three and four critically assess the scholarly contributions in conceptualizing the mitigating influence of foreign aid in general, focusing on its impact on specific political risks such as expropriation, terrorism, and corruption. The concluding section delves into studies that explore foreign aid and foreign direct investment flows from China, the largest non-Western donor.A bibliometric analysis reveals a noteworthy disparity between research attention and policymaking focus on the subject matter. Notably, the selected papers fail to comprehensively cover the full spectrum of primary extra-legal and legal-governmental political risks for transnational businesses. Scholars' assessments of foreign aid's mitigating effect often lack differentiation between grants and loans or between flows directed to different sectors, as well as the distinction between aid routed through public institutions and bypassing them. Notably absent is a comprehensive analysis encompassing the complete range of 'established' Western and emerging non-Western aid providers, or an exploration of aid flows from non-OECD countries other than China. Most research focuses on Africa and fails to differentiate between recipients based on fragility, income levels, or other relevant categorizations. Moreover, the researchers have yet to delve into data post the COVID-19 outbreak, a critical period that significantly altered perceptions of political risk, foreign aid, and FDI flows. The literature review illuminates a research gap awaiting substantial exploration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международная помощь</kwd><kwd>политические риски</kwd><kwd>прямые иностранные инвестиции</kwd><kwd>библиометрия</kwd><kwd>эконометрика</kwd><kwd>терроризм</kwd><kwd>экспроприация</kwd><kwd>коррупция</kwd><kwd>конфликты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>foreign aid</kwd><kwd>political risks</kwd><kwd>foreign direct investment</kwd><kwd>bibliometrics</kwd><kwd>econometrics</kwd><kwd>terrorism</kwd><kwd>expropriation</kwd><kwd>corruption</kwd><kwd>conflict</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда №23-28-01060 «Влияние новых трендов в оказании содействия международному развитию на параметры политических рисков для внешнеэкономической деятельности»</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research has been conducted with the financial support from the Russian Science Foun- dation, project No 23-28-01060 “Impact of New Trends in Provision of International Develop- ment Assistance on Parameters of Political Risks for External Economic Activity”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asiedu E., Jin Y., Nandwa B. 2009. Does Foreign Aid Mitigate the Adverse Effect of Expropriation Risk on Foreign Direct Investment? Journal of International Economics. 78(2). P. 268–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2009.03.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asiedu E., Jin Y., Nandwa B. 2009. Does Foreign Aid Mitigate the Adverse Effect of Expropriation Risk on Foreign Direct Investment? Journal of International Economics. 78(2). P. 268–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2009.03.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asiedu E., Villamil, A. P. 2002. Imperfect Enforcement, Foreign Investment, and Foreign</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asiedu E., Villamil, A. P. 2002. Imperfect Enforcement, Foreign Investment, and Foreign</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aid. Macroeconomic Dynamics. Cambridge University Press. 6(4). P. 476–495. DOI: 10.1017/S1365100501010070.4. 465100501010070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aid. Macroeconomic Dynamics. Cambridge University Press. 6(4). P. 476–495. DOI: 10.1017/S1365100501010070.4. 465100501010070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bahoo S. et al. 2023. Corruption, Formal Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of OECD Countries in Africa. Thunderbird International Business Review. 65(5). P. 461–483. DOI: 10.1002/tie.22361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahoo S. et al. 2023. Corruption, Formal Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of OECD Countries in Africa. Thunderbird International Business Review. 65(5). P. 461–483.  DOI: 10.1002/tie.22361</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bandyopadhyay S., Sandler T., and Younas J. 2014. Foreign Direct Investment, Aid, and Terrorism. Oxford Economic Papers. №1. P. 25–50. DOI: 10.1093/oep/gpt026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandyopadhyay S., Sandler T., and Younas J. 2014. Foreign Direct Investment, Aid, and Terrorism. Oxford Economic Papers. №1. P. 25–50. DOI: 10.1093/oep/gpt026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biglaiser G., Lee H., Staats L. 2016. The Effects of the IMF on Expropriation of Foreign Firms. Review of International Organisations. №11. P. 1–23. DOI: 10.1007/s11558-015-9226-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biglaiser G., Lee H., Staats L. 2016. The Effects of the IMF on Expropriation of Foreign Firms. Review of International Organisations. №11. P. 1–23. DOI: 10.1007/s11558-015-9226-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanton S.L., Machain C.M. 2022. US Military Aid, Political Risk Insurance, and Foreign Direct Investment: Overcoming Obstacles to US Foreign Policy. Journal of Political &amp; Military Sociology. 49(1). P.87–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanton S.L., Machain C.M. 2022. US Military Aid, Political Risk Insurance, and Foreign Direct Investment: Overcoming Obstacles to US Foreign Policy. Journal of Political &amp; Military Sociology. 49(1). P.87–119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brautigam D. 2011. The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brautigam D. 2011. The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donaubauer J., Herzer D., Nunnenkamp P. 2014. Does Aid for Education Attract Foreign Investors? An Empirical Analysis for Latin America. №26. P. 597–613. DOI: 10.1057/ejdr.2013.47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donaubauer J., Herzer D., Nunnenkamp P. 2014. Does Aid for Education Attract Foreign Investors? An Empirical Analysis for Latin America. №26. P. 597–613. DOI: 10.1057/ejdr.2013.47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Efobi U., Asongu S. Beecroft I. 2018. Aid, Terrorism, and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Insight Conditioned on Corruption Control. International Economic Journal. 32(4). P. 610–630. DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2018.1549089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efobi U., Asongu S. Beecroft I. 2018. Aid, Terrorism, and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Insight Conditioned on Corruption Control. International Economic Journal. 32(4). P. 610–630. DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2018.1549089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fon R., Alon I. 2022. Governance, Foreign Aid, and Chinese Foreign Direct Investment.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fon R., Alon I. 2022. Governance, Foreign Aid, and Chinese Foreign Direct Investment.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thunderbird International Business Review. 64(2). P. 179–201. DOI: 10.1002/tie.22257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thunderbird International Business Review. 64(2). P. 179–201. DOI: 10.1002/tie.22257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gamso J., Dimitrova A. 2023. Rewarding a Friend: Does the World Bank Direct Non-Commercial Risk Insurance to Countries that Support US Foreign Policy Interests? New Political Economy. DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2230557</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamso J., Dimitrova A. 2023. Rewarding a Friend: Does the World Bank Direct Non-Commercial Risk Insurance to Countries that Support US Foreign Policy Interests? New Political Economy. DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2023.2230557</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gamso J., Neslon R.C. 2019. Does Partnering with the World Bank Shield Investors from Political Risks in Less Developed Countries? Journal of World Business. 54(5). DOI: 10.1016/j. jwb.2019.100997</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamso J., Neslon R.C. 2019. Does Partnering with the World Bank Shield Investors from Political Risks in Less Developed Countries? Journal of World Business. 54(5). DOI: 10.1016/j. jwb.2019.100997</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garriga A., Phillips, B. 2014. Foreign Aid as a Signal to Investors: Predicting FDI in PostConflict Countries. The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 58(2). P. 280–306. 10.1177/002200271246</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garriga A., Phillips, B. 2014. Foreign Aid as a Signal to Investors: Predicting FDI in PostConflict Countries. The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 58(2). P. 280–306. 10.1177/002200271246</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harm P., Lutz M. 2006. Aid, Governance and Private Foreign Investment: Some Puzzling Findings for the 1990s. Economic Journal. 116(513). P. 773–790. DOI: 10.1111/j.14680297.2006.01111.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harm P., Lutz M. 2006. Aid, Governance and Private Foreign Investment: Some Puzzling Findings for the 1990s. Economic Journal. 116(513). P. 773–790. DOI: 10.1111/j.14680297.2006.01111.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen N. et al. 2014. Crisis and Contract Breach: The Domestic And International Determinants of Expropriation. Working Paper. URL: https://www.natemjensen.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Crisis-Expro-Nov11.pdf (accessed: 25.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen N. et al. 2014. Crisis and Contract Breach: The Domestic And International Determinants of Expropriation. Working Paper. URL: https://www.natemjensen.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Crisis-Expro-Nov11.pdf (accessed: 25.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen N. et al. 2020. Crisis and Contract Breach: The Domestic and International Determinants of Expropriation. Review of International Organisations. №15. P. 869–898. DOI: 10.1007/ s11558-019-09363-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen N. et al. 2020. Crisis and Contract Breach: The Domestic and International Determinants of Expropriation. Review of International Organisations. №15. P. 869–898. DOI: 10.1007/ s11558-019-09363-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen N., Behmer T. 2018. Home Country Attributes and Elite Evaluations of Political Risk Abroad. Unpublished Manuscript. April 14. URL: https://www.natemjensen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Jensen-Behmer-Home-Country-Attributes-Working-Paper-Version.pdf (accessed 25.10.2023)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen N., Behmer T. 2018. Home Country Attributes and Elite Evaluations of Political Risk Abroad. Unpublished Manuscript. April 14. URL: https://www.natemjensen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Jensen-Behmer-Home-Country-Attributes-Working-Paper-Version.pdf (accessed 25.10.2023)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin Y., Zeng Z. 2017. Expropriation and Foreign Direct Investment in a Positive Economic Theory of Foreign Aid. Economic Theory. 64(1). P. 139–160. DOI: 10.1007/s00199-016-0973-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin Y., Zeng Z. 2017. Expropriation and Foreign Direct Investment in a Positive Economic Theory of Foreign Aid. Economic Theory. 64(1). P. 139–160. DOI: 10.1007/s00199-016-0973-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jodice D.A. 1980. Sources of Change in Third World Regimes for Foreign Direct Investment, 1968–1976. International Organization. 34(2). P. 177–206. DOI: 10.1017/S0020818300018737</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jodice D.A. 1980. Sources of Change in Third World Regimes for Foreign Direct Investment, 1968–1976. International Organization. 34(2). P. 177–206. DOI: 10.1017/S0020818300018737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kimura H., Todo Y. 2007. Is Foreign Aid a Vanguard of FDI? A Gravity-Equation Approach. RIETI Discussion Paper Series. 07-E-007. URL: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/07e007. pdf (accessed 25.10.2023)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimura H., Todo Y. 2007. Is Foreign Aid a Vanguard of FDI? A Gravity-Equation Approach. RIETI Discussion Paper Series. 07-E-007. URL: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/07e007. pdf (accessed 25.10.2023)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kimura H., Todo Y. 2010. Is Foreign Aid a Vanguard of Foreign Direct Investment? A Gravity-</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimura H., Todo Y. 2010. Is Foreign Aid a Vanguard of Foreign Direct Investment? A Gravity-</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Equation Approach. World Development. 18(4). P. 482–497. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.10.005 Lee C. 2017. Terrorism, Counterterrorism Aid, and Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign Policy Analysis. №1. P. 168–187. DOI:10.1111/fpa.12087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Equation Approach. World Development. 18(4). P. 482–497. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.10.005 Lee C. 2017. Terrorism, Counterterrorism Aid, and Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign Policy Analysis. №1. P. 168–187. DOI:10.1111/fpa.12087</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J. et al. 2013. The Two-Tier Bargaining Model Revisited: Theory and Evidence from China’s Natural Resource Investments in Africa. Global Strategy Journal. 3(4). P. 300–321. DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-5805.2013.01062.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J. et al. 2013. The Two-Tier Bargaining Model Revisited: Theory and Evidence from China’s Natural Resource Investments in Africa. Global Strategy Journal. 3(4). P. 300–321. DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-5805.2013.01062.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu J., Huang X. Muchiri M. 2017. Political Risk and Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment to Africa: The Role of Foreign Aid. Africa Journal of Management. 3(1). P. 82–98. DOI: 10.1080/23322373.2016.1275941.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu J., Huang X. Muchiri M. 2017. Political Risk and Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment to Africa: The Role of Foreign Aid. Africa Journal of Management. 3(1). P. 82–98. DOI: 10.1080/23322373.2016.1275941.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu J., Li W., Wu A. 2018. Political Hazards and Entry Modes of Chinese Investments in Africa. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. №35. P. 39–61. DOI: 10.1007/s10490-01-9514-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu J., Li W., Wu A. 2018. Political Hazards and Entry Modes of Chinese Investments in Africa. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. №35. P. 39–61. DOI: 10.1007/s10490-01-9514-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra Sh., Fedorenko E. 2019. The Relationship of Foreign Aid and Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal. Vestnik Mirbis. 1(17). P. 79–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra Sh., Fedorenko E. 2019. The Relationship of Foreign Aid and Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal. Vestnik Mirbis. 1(17). P. 79–84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Neill D. 2010. Risky Business: The Political Economy of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Arts &amp; Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. DOI: 10.7936/K7X34VQX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Neill D. 2010. Risky Business: The Political Economy of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Arts &amp; Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. DOI: 10.7936/K7X34VQX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Neill D. 2011. Risky Business: China's Foreign Direct Investment and Aid to Developing States. APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Neill D. 2011. Risky Business: China's Foreign Direct Investment and Aid to Developing States. APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Neill D. 2014. Risky Business: The Political Economy of Chinese Investment in Kazakhstan. Journal of Eurasian Studies. 5(2). P. 145–156. DOI: 10.1016/j.euras.2014.05.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Neill D. 2014. Risky Business: The Political Economy of Chinese Investment in Kazakhstan. Journal of Eurasian Studies. 5(2). P. 145–156. DOI: 10.1016/j.euras.2014.05.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peinhardt C., Allee T. 2016. Political Risk Insurance as Dispute Resolution. Journal of International Dispute Settlement. 7(1). P. 205–224. DOI: 10.1093/jnlids/idv034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peinhardt C., Allee T. 2016. Political Risk Insurance as Dispute Resolution. Journal of International Dispute Settlement. 7(1). P. 205–224. DOI: 10.1093/jnlids/idv034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perry M.B. 1996. A Model for Efficient Foreign Aid: The Case for the Political Risk Insurance Activities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. Virginia Journal of International Law. №36. P. 511–588.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perry M.B. 1996. A Model for Efficient Foreign Aid: The Case for the Political Risk Insurance Activities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. Virginia Journal of International Law. №36. P. 511–588.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramamurti R. 2001. The Obsolescing Bargaining Model? MNC-Host Developing Country Relations Revisited. Journal of International Business Studies. 32(1). P. 23–39. DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramamurti R. 2001. The Obsolescing Bargaining Model? MNC-Host Developing Country Relations Revisited. Journal of International Business Studies. 32(1). P. 23–39. DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selaya P., Sunesen E. 2012. Does Foreign Aid Increase Foreign Direct Investment? World Development. 40(11). P. 2155–2176. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selaya P., Sunesen E. 2012. Does Foreign Aid Increase Foreign Direct Investment? World Development. 40(11). P. 2155–2176. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Veen A. M. 2011. Ideas, Interests and Foreign Aid. Cambridge University Press. 312 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Veen A. M. 2011. Ideas, Interests and Foreign Aid. Cambridge University Press. 312 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H. et al. 2022. Does Foreign Aid Reduce the Country's Risk of OFDI? The Chinese Experience. International Studies of Economics. 18(2). P. 238–258. DOI: 10.1002/ise3.20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H. et al. 2022. Does Foreign Aid Reduce the Country's Risk of OFDI? The Chinese  Experience. International Studies of Economics. 18(2). P. 238–258. DOI: 10.1002/ise3.20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартенев В.И. 2023. Содействие международному развитию и политические риски для внешнеэкономической деятельности: логика сопряжения тем. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 25: Международные отношения и мировая политика. 15(1). С. 133– 163. DOI: 10.48015/2076-7404-2023-15-1-133-163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartenev V.I. 2023. Sodeistvie mezhdunarodnomu razvitiyu i politicheskie riski dlya vneshneekonomicheskoi deyatel'nosti: logika sopryazheniya tem [International Development Cooperation and Political Risks for Transnational Business: Linking Research Topics]. Lomonosov World</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Братерский М.В. 2010. Экономические инструменты внешней политики и политические риски. Москва: Издательский дом Государственного университета Высшей школы экономики. 230 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Politics Journal. 15(1). P. 133–163. DOI: 10.48015/2076-7404-2023-15-1-133-163 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дегтерев Д.А. 2012. Содействие международному развитию как инструмент продвижения внешнеполитических и внешнеэкономических интересов. Вестник МГИМО- Университета. 2(23). С. 47–58. DOI: 10.24833/2071-8160-2012-2-23-47-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braterskii M.V. 2010. Ekonomicheskie instrumenty vneshnei politiki i politicheskie riski [Economic Instruments of Foreign Policy and Political Risks]. Moscow: HSE Publishing House. 230 p.  (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимова А.В. 2015. Что ценим, то и оцениваем: оценка результативности содействия международному развитию. Вестник международных организаций. 10(1). С. 56–79. DOI: 10.17323/1996-7845-2015-01-44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degterev D.A. 2012. Sodeistvie mezhdunarodnomurazvitiyu kak instrument prodvizheniya vneshnepoliticheskikh i vneshneekonomicheskikh interesov [Game-Theoretic Analysis of International Development Assistance Regimes]. MGIMO Review of International Relations. 2(23). P. 47–58. DOI: 10.24833/2071-8160-2012-2-23-47-58 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Силкин В.В. 2011. Политические риски и прямые иностранные инвестиции: международное страхование (Часть 2). Вестник федерального бюджетного учреждения «Государственная регистрационная палата при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации». №4. С. 46–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimova A.V. 2015. Chto tsenim, to i otsenivaem: otsenka rezul'tativnosti sodeistviya mezhdunarodnomu razvitiyu [Measure What Is Treasured: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Development Assistance]. International Organisations Research Journal. 10(1). P. 56–79. DOI: 10.17323/1996-7845-2015-01-44 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Содействие международному развитию как инструмент внешней политики: зарубежный опыт. 2018. Под ред. В.Г. Барановского, Ю.Д. Квашнина, Н.В. Тогановой. Москва: ИМЭМО РАН. DOI: 10.20542/978-5-9535-0548-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silkin V.V. 2011. Politicheskie riski i pryamye inostrannye investitsii: mezhdunarodnoe strakhovanie (Chast' 2) [International Insurance of Foreign Direct Investment Against Political Risks]. Bulletin of the Federal State Institution "State Registration Chamber under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation". 4. P. 46-54. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sodeistvie mezhdunarodnomu razvitiyu kak instrument vneshnei politiki: zarubezhnyi opyt. 2018. [International Development Assistance as Foreign Policy Tool: Foreign Experience. Ed. by V. Baranovsky, Yu. Kvashnin, N. Toganova. Moscow: IMEMO. DOI: 10.20542/978-5-9535-0548-2  (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sodeistvie mezhdunarodnomu razvitiyu kak instrument vneshnei politiki: zarubezhnyi opyt. 2018. [International Development Assistance as Foreign Policy Tool: Foreign Experience. Ed. by V. Baranovsky, Yu. Kvashnin, N. Toganova. Moscow: IMEMO. DOI: 10.20542/978-5-9535-0548-2  (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
