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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2024-6-99-7-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. История международных отношений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. History of International Relations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Торговля и научно-техническое взаимодействие с СССР в повестке американского руководства в годы разрядки (1969–1980)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trade and Scientific-Technical Cooperation with the USSR on the U.S. Leadership’s Agenda During the Era of Détente (1969–1980)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнгблюд</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yungblyud</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерий Теодорович Юнгблюд – доктор исторических наук, профессор, президент</p><p>610000, г. Киров, ул. Московская, д. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery T. Yungblud – Doctor of History, Professor, President</p><p>Moskovskaya str., 36, 610000, Kirov, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yungblud@vyatsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Вятский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vyatka State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юнгблюд В.Т., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юнгблюд В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yungblyud V.T.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3811">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3811</self-uri><abstract><p>В структуре разрядки напряжённости в американо-советских отношениях 1970-х гг. вопросы торговли и взаимодействия в сфере науки и технологий занимали важное место. К концу 1960-х гг. в противостоянии США и СССР был достигнут стратегический паритет. На гонку вооружений стали смотреть как на дорогостоящее и бесперспективное дело. С одной стороны, временное равновесие военных потенциалов вело к смягчению прямой конфронтации и снижало угрозу войны, с другой – способствовало распространению убеждения в том, что интенсификация коммерческих связей и развитие научно-технологических программ и обменов создаст материальную основу прочного мира. В Москве эта мысль приобрела статус программной установки, в то время как в Вашингтоне исповедовали более прагматичный подход. С опорой на имеющееся историографическое наследие и документы российских архивов (РГАНИ, РГАЭ), а также опубликованные материалы государственного департамента США, доступные электронные коллекции документов американских разведывательных служб и некоторых научных сообществ в статье показано, как на протяжении 1970-х гг. в Вашингтоне менялись подходы к формированию политики в отношении Советского Союза и какое место в этой политике отводилось торгово-экономическому и научно-техническому взаимодействию сверхдержав. Обоснованы выводы о том, что свёртывание разрядки в сфере торговли и научно-технического взаимодействия шло в три этапа. С принятием поправки Джексона-Вэника (1974) двусторонние отношения перестали быть равноправными, не говоря о существенных коммерческих потерях советской стороны. Приход к власти администрации Картера в январе 1977 г. внёс в повестку отношений Вашингтона и Москвы тему прав человека и угрозу применения санкций в случае их нарушения, неоднократно приведённую в исполнение. На рубеже 1979–1980 гг. начался третий этап, завершивший в конце 1982 г. демонтажем инфраструктуры сотрудничества в сфере науки и технологий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>: Trade and scientific-technical cooperation were integral components of U.S.-Soviet relations during the détente of the 1970s. By the late 1960s, strategic parity had been achieved between the two superpowers, marking a turning point in their confrontation. The arms race came to be regarded as both costly and unsustainable. While the temporary balance of military capabilities reduced the immediate threat of war and eased direct confrontation, it also fostered the belief that strengthening commercial ties and advancing scientifictechnical programs and exchanges could provide a material foundation for lasting peace. In Moscow, this notion evolved into a programmatic directive, whereas Washington adopted a more pragmatic stance.Drawing on a broad historiographical foundation, archival documents from Russian repositories (RGANI, RGAE), published materials from the U.S. Department of State, and electronic collections of American intelligence and scientific communities, this article examines the evolving U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union in the 1970s. It focuses on the role assigned to trade, economic relations, and scientific-technical cooperation in the broader framework of superpower relations.The study concludes that the unraveling of détente in trade and scientific-technical cooperation occurred in three distinct stages. The first stage began with the passage of the JacksonVanik Amendment in 1974, which disrupted the principle of equality in bilateral relations and inflicted considerable economic losses on the Soviet side. The second stage was marked by the Carter administration's emphasis on human rights beginning in January 1977. This introduced the threat of sanctions and escalated tensions in U.S.-Soviet relations. The third stage, initiated in December 1979 and solidified by January 1980, witnessed the dismantling of the infrastructure supporting bilateral scientific and technical cooperation. These developments underscored the shifting priorities and eventual decline of détente as a defining feature of U.S.-Soviet relations during this period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разрядка международной напряжённости</kwd><kwd>советско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>научно-техническое сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>технологические обмены</kwd><kwd>Р. Никсон</kwd><kwd>Дж. Картер</kwd><kwd>Л.И. Брежнев</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the detente</kwd><kwd>Soviet-American relations</kwd><kwd>scientific and technical cooperation</kwd><kwd>technological exchanges</kwd><kwd>R. Nixon</kwd><kwd>J. Carter</kwd><kwd>L. Brezhnev</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-28-01399, https://rscf.ru/ project/24-28-01399/</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 24-28-01399 https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-28-01399/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ailes C.P., Pardee A. 2018. Cooperation in Science and Technology: An Evaluation of the U.S.Soviet Agreement. New York: Routledge. 366 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ailes C.P., Pardee A. 2018. Cooperation in Science and Technology: An Evaluation of the U.S.Soviet Agreement. 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