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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2024-6-99-33-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3812</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. История международных отношений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. History of International Relations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>В борьбе за альтернативное мироустройство: от истории к современности антиимпериализма на Кубе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Striving for an Alternative World Order: The Journey of Cuban Anti-Imperialism from History to Modernity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арабаджян</surname><given-names>А. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arabadzhyan</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Завеновна Арабаджян – кандидат исторических наук, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>119334, Россия, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra Z. Arabadzhyan – PhD in History, Junior researcher</p><p>Moscow, Leninsky, 32a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleche28@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт всеобщей истории РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of World History of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арабаджян А.З., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арабаджян А.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arabadzhyan A.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3812">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3812</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрена эволюция идеологии антиимпериализма на Кубе. Анализируется исторический контекст (борьба за независимость от Испании и попадание в сферу влияния США), в котором возникли идеи борьбы против колониальных держав, сформулированные кубинским национальным героем Хосе Марти. Две его ключевые идеи вошли в структуру антиимпериализма Кубы: борьба с угнетателем и объединение в этой борьбе стран региона. Позднее идеи антиимпериализма были подхвачены широким спектром сил, в том числе радикалами-патриотами, коммунистами и социалистами. В статье дан анализ элементов антиимпериалистических идей в интерпретации Хулио Антонио Мельи, основателя кубинской Компартии и секции Всеамериканской антиимпериалистической лиги. После победы революции 1959 г. в идеологию кубинского антиимпериализма официально вошел сформированный в духе идей марксизма-ленинизма принцип пролетарского интернационализма, что получило отражение в официальных документах – внешнеполитических декларациях и Конституции 1976 г. После распада «мировой системы социализма» в условиях «особого периода в мирное время» Кубе пришлось пересмотреть как экономические основы общества, так и внешнеполитические. Принцип пролетарского интернационализма был изъят из текста Основного закона, прекратилась военная помощь национально-освободительным и революционным движениям, основным содержанием кубинского интернационализма стали гуманитарные миссии. После VI съезда Компартии Кубы (2011 г.) гуманитарные миссии стали по возможности переводиться на коммерческие рельсы, внешнеполитическая линия страны сконцентрировалась на защите принципов международного права, отстаивании многополярности и на борьбе за альтернативное, более справедливое мироустройство. К настоящему времени актуальная ранее марксистско-ленинская составляющая теряет свою роль в структуре кубинского антиимпериализма, что демонстрирует способность кубинского руководства гибко реагировать на изменения в системе международных отношений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article employs structural analysis to examine the evolution of Cuban antiimperialist ideology. It begins by analyzing the historical context—Cuba’s struggle against colonial dependence on Spain and its subsequent incorporation into the U.S. sphere of influence—which shaped the foundations of its anti-imperialist thought. Central to this ideological framework are the ideas of Cuban national hero José Martí, who articulated two core principles that later became structural components of Cuban anti-imperialism: resistance against oppression and the unification of regional countries in this struggle. The article traces the development of Martí’s ideas as they were adopted and expanded upon by diverse political movements, including radical patriots, socialists, and communists. Particular attention is given to the interpretation of anti-imperialist thought by Julio Antonio Mella, the founder of the Communist Party of Cuba and the Cuban section of the Anti-Imperialist League of the Americas. After the Cuban Revolution's victory in 1959, a new structural component emerged under Marxist-Leninist influence: the principle of proletarian internationalism. This principle was institutionalized in Cuban anti-imperialist ideology and codified in official documents, including foreign policy declarations and the 1976 Constitution. Following the collapse of the "world system of socialism" and the USSR, during the "Special Period in Peacetime," Cuba was compelled to reevaluate its economic foundations and foreign policy. This period saw the removal of proletarian internationalism from the Cuban Constitution and the termination of military assistance to national liberation and revolutionary movements. Cuban internationalism shifted its focus to humanitarian missions, marking a significant ideological transformation.The VI Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba (2011) reinforced these changes, with humanitarian missions increasingly commercialized where feasible, and foreign policy emphasizing the defense of international law, advocacy for multipolarity, and the pursuit of an alternative, fairer world order. In contemporary Cuban anti-imperialism, the Marxist-Leninist components—such as class analysis and proletarian internationalism—play a reduced role, reflecting the leadership's adaptability to changes in the international system.This analysis highlights the evolution and resilience of Cuban anti-imperialist ideology as it adjusts to shifting geopolitical realities while maintaining its foundational principles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Куба</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Хосе Марти</kwd><kwd>антиимпериализм</kwd><kwd>колониализм</kwd><kwd>неоколониализм</kwd><kwd>марксизм</kwd><kwd>многополярность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cuba</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>José Martí</kwd><kwd>anti-imperialism</kwd><kwd>colonialism</kwd><kwd>neocolonialism</kwd><kwd>Marxism</kwd><kwd>multipolarity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках проекта «“Мировая система социализма” и глобальная Холодная война: технополитика, экономика, образы будущего (1970е–1980-е гг.)» (№23-18-00621), реализуемого Институтом всеобщей истории РАН при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the project ‘ “The World System of Socialism” and the Global Cold War: Technopolitics, Economics, Images of the Future (1970s–1980s)’, implemented by the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, project 23-18-00621.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cabrera O. 1980. 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