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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2024-6-99-139-154</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Мировое большинство</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. World Majority</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Национальные чемпионы» и технологические «маленькие гиганты»: китайская промышленная политика между модернизацией и традицией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“National Champions” and Technological “Little Giants”: Chinese Industrial Policy Between Modernization and Tradition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-1998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилин Иван Владимирович — кандидат политических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Danilin — PhD (Cand. of Sciences, Political Science), Deputy Director</p><p>23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilin.iv@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е.М. Примакова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Данилин И.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Данилин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Danilin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3816">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3816</self-uri><abstract><p>Китай сталкивается с растущими геополитическими и социально-экономическими вызовами. Ответом является структурная перестройка китайской экономики на основе сектора высоких технологий (high tech) и перспективных технологий. Статья посвящена анализу современной промышленно-технологической и инновационной политики Китая на фоне глобальных экономических вызовов и внутренних структурных ограничений. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью оценки способности Китая адаптироваться к изменяющейся международной обстановке, усилению технологического давления со стороны западных стран и внутренним вызовам, таким как старение населения и снижение экономического роста. Цель работы заключается в том, чтобы дать оценку текущих подходов к развитию национальной инновационной системы (НИС) Китая, а также критически рассмотреть трансформацию китайской промышленной политики. В качестве гипотезы выдвигается утверждение, что несмотря на внешние признаки модернизации, политика Китая по-прежнему сохраняет черты традиционного интервенционалистского подхода. Методология исследования опирается на теорию национальных инновационных систем и элементы политической экономии. В работе также применяются кейс-методы, включая анализ поддержки малых и средних предприятий (МСП), так называемых «маленьких гигантов», в качестве примера реализации политики создания «национальных чемпионов». Используются официальные документы и релевантные статистические данные. Основные выводы статьи указывают на то, что текущая промышленно-технологическая политика Китая носит противоречивый характер. С одной стороны, наблюдается переход к более сложной и многоуровневой системе поддержки, включающей стимулирование технологических МСП и развитие передовых технологий, таких как интегральные схемы, искусственный интеллект, и возобновляемые источники энергии. С другой стороны, сохраняются элементы техно-центристского и мобилизационного подхода. При этом ставка делается в том числе на «национальных чемпионов», которым вменены функции стимулирования экономического развития. Хотя в число чемпионов ныне включены не только крупные компании, но и МСП, а сам подход к их отбору стал более гибким, новая политика далека от оптимальной. На примере «маленьких гигантов» показаны спектр рисков, связанных с реализацией новой политики. На перспективу перед экономикой КНР и ее технологической политикой остаются существенные вызовы. Однако потенциал изменений невелик в силу растущего внешнего давления и эффекта колеи, ориентирующих китайское руководство на воспроизводство прежних подходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>China is confronting escalating geopolitical and socio-economic challenges, prompting a structural reorganization of its economy centered on the high-tech sector and emerging technologies. This article examines China's contemporary industrial, technological, and innovation policies within the context of global economic disruptions and domestic structural constraints. The relevance of this study lies in evaluating China's capacity to adapt to a shifting international environment, heightened technological competition from Western countries, and domestic pressures such as an aging population and slowing economic growth.The paper seeks to assess current strategies for the development of China's national innovation system (NIS) and critically analyze the transformation of its industrial policy. The central hypothesis posits that, despite outward signs of modernization, China's approach retains elements of traditional interventionism. Methodologically, the research draws on the theory of national innovation systems and elements of political economy, supplemented by case studies. These include an analysis of support mechanisms for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)—particularly the so-called "small giants"—as a key example of the implementation of the "national champions" policy. The study relies on official documents and relevant statistical data.The findings reveal that China's current industrial and technological policies are marked by ambivalence. On the one hand, there is a notable shift towards a more nuanced and multitiered support system, emphasizing incentives for technology-oriented SMEs and the development of advanced sectors such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy. On the other hand, elements of a techno-centric and mobilization-oriented approach persist, with "national champions" continuing to play a central role in driving economic development. While the definition of champions has expanded to include SMEs, and the criteria for their selection have become more flexible, the effectiveness of this policy remains limited. The case of the "small giants" highlights the risks associated with the new policy framework. Looking ahead, the Chinese economy and its technology policies will continue to face significant challenges. However, the potential for transformative change appears limited due to mounting external pressures and path dependency, which predispose Chinese leadership to replicate established approaches.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>политика развития</kwd><kwd>технологическая политика</kwd><kwd>национальные чемпионы</kwd><kwd>маленькие гиганты</kwd><kwd>национальная инновационная система</kwd><kwd>матричный подход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>development policy</kwd><kwd>technology policy</kwd><kwd>national champions</kwd><kwd>small giants</kwd><kwd>national innovation system</kwd><kwd>matrix approach</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolz K. 2017. 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