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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2024-6-99-205-229</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-3820</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. ЕС в мировой политике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. EU in World Politics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инструменты внешней политики ЕС в странах «Восточного соседства»: от помощи развитию к помощи войне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EU Foreign Policy Instruments in the Eastern Partnership Countries: From Development Aid to Military Assistance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Шишкина – кандидат политических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры международных отношений и внешней политики России</p><p>119454, Москва, Пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Shishkina – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia</p><p>76 Vernadsky Ave., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.shishkina@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шишкина О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шишкина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shishkina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3820">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3820</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2022 г. ЕС впервые в своей истории начал предоставлять финансовую помощь на военные нужды воюющему государству, Украине, и создал механизмы, стимулирующие поставки странами-членами вооружений и военной техники (ВВТ) Киеву. Принятые меры были обозначены как «силовые инструменты» внешней политики Брюсселя, которые он развил в ответ на «возвращение в Европу войны высокой степени интенсивности» . При этом на протяжении 2000–2010-х гг. Брюссель подчёркивал уникальность имеющегося у него набора несиловых внешнеполитических инструментов, гордился своей способностью добиваться реализации интересов, не прибегая к силе, и демонстративно избегал любых проявлений военно-силового давления в международных отношениях.В статье автор обращается к вопросу о том, что такое внешнеполитические инструменты и какие существуют их виды (силовые, несиловые и гибридные). Затем рассматривает, какими инструментами располагает ЕС, определяет, какие из них являются для него традиционными, а какие были развиты относительно недавно. Путём анализа внешнеполитических документов выявляются интересы ЕС в исторической перспективе в отношении стран «восточного соседства» – Азербайджана, Армении, Беларуси, Грузии, Молдовы и Украины – и рассматривается практика применения инструментов на этом направлении за годы, прошедшие с момента разработки т. н. «восточной политики» (Европейской политики соседства и Восточного партнёрства). На основании представленных данных сделаны выводы об особенностях применения несиловых, силовых и гибридных инструментов в отношении стран «восточного соседства», о сути произошедших трансформаций и высказываются предположения об их причинах. Изменения во внешнеполитическом инструментарии ЕС позволяют выявить тенденции его развития и особенности политики в отношении шести постсоветских стран, которые сохраняют своё приоритетное значение для ЕС и остаются в сфере жизненно важных интересов России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2022, the European Union (EU) took the unprecedented step of providing financial assistance for military purposes to a warring state, Ukraine, while also establishing mechanisms to incentivize member states to supply arms and military equipment to Kyiv. These measures, characterized as "hard instruments" of EU foreign policy, were developed in response to the "return of high-intensity warfare to Europe." This marked a significant departure from the EU’s traditional emphasis, particularly in the 2000s and 2010s, on non-military foreign policy tools. During that period, the EU took pride in achieving its objectives without recourse to force and deliberately avoided military pressure in international relations.This article explores the concept of foreign policy instruments, categorizing them into hard, soft, and hybrid tools. It examines the EU’s repertoire of foreign policy instruments, distinguishing between its long-standing approaches and those recently developed. Through an analysis of EU policy documents, the article identifies the Union’s evolving interests in the Eastern Partnership countries—Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine—and evaluates the practical application of its tools in the region since the launch of the "Eastern Policy" (comprising the European Neighborhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership initiative).The study concludes by analyzing the use of soft, hard, and hybrid instruments in the Eastern Partnership, outlining the nature of the transformations in EU foreign policy and hypothesizing their underlying causes. These changes in the EU’s foreign policy toolkit reveal broader trends in its strategic development and shed light on the specific dynamics of its engagement with six post-Soviet countries, which remain strategically significant for the EU while occupying a critical space within Russia’s sphere of interests.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инструменты внешней политики</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика ЕС</kwd><kwd>Восточное партнёрство</kwd><kwd>Европейская политика соседства</kwd><kwd>миссии ОПБО</kwd><kwd>помощь развитию</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>foreign policy instruments</kwd><kwd>EU foreign policy</kwd><kwd>Eastern Partnership</kwd><kwd>European Neighbourhood Policy</kwd><kwd>CSDP missions</kwd><kwd>development aid</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке МГИМО МИД России в рамках проекта №2025-04-07 "Контуры дестабилизации в Европе: социально-экономические, политические и ценностные аспекты"</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was prepared with the financial support of MGIMO University under the project No. 2025-04-07, "Contours of Destabilization in Europe: Socio-Economic, Political, and Value Aspects."</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adomeit H. 2011. 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