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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2025-6-105-7-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-4120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Восток в мировой политике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. East in World Politics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рациональность и соперничество в международных конфликтах: теоретико-игровое моделирование турецко-греческого спора в Эгейском море</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rationality and Rivalry: A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the Turkey-Greece Aegean Dispute</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Озкая</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Özkaya</surname><given-names>Murat</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мурат Озкая – доктор наук, профессор факультета политических наук Университета</p><p>Турция, 17100, г. Чанаккале, кампус Терзиоглу, факультет политических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murat Özkaya – PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Business</p><p>Terzioğlu Campus, Faculty of Political Sciences, 17100 Çanakkale, Türkiye</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">murat.ozkaya@comu.edu.tr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Изги</surname><given-names>Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izgi</surname><given-names>Burhaneddin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурханеддин Изги – доктор наук, профессор кафедры математики</p><p>Турция, 34469, г. Стамбул, р-н Маслак, кампус Айазага</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burhaneddin Izgi – PhD, Professor, Department of Mathematics</p><p>ITU Ayazağa Campus, Rectorate Building, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Türkiye</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bizgi@itu.edu.tr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Чанаккале Онсекиз Март</institution><country>Турция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University</institution><country>Turkey</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Стамбульский технический университет</institution><country>Турция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Istanbul Technical University</institution><country>Turkey</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Озкая М., Изги Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Озкая М., Изги Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Özkaya M., Izgi B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4120">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4120</self-uri><abstract><p>Конфликт между Турцией и Грецией в Эгейском море относится к числу наиболее продолжительных и политически чувствительных противоречий в Восточном Средиземноморье. Его ключевые параметры связаны с притязаниями сторон в отношении разграничения морских пространств, режима национального воздушного пространства, а также статуса (де)милитаризации отдельных островов, островков и скальных образований. Несмотря на наличие кризисных эпизодов, включая инцидент Кардак/Имия, противостояние, как правило, не перерастает в открытую вооружённую конфронтацию и развивается в логике ограниченного соперничества и управляемой эскалации.</p><p>В статье предлагается теоретико-игровая интерпретация указанной динамики. Конфликт моделируется как последовательная игра, в рамках которой обе стороны рассматриваются как рациональные акторы, выбирающие между тремя типовыми стратегиями поведения – агрессивной, пассивно-агрессивной и пассивной – в зависимости от оценки ситуации и ожидаемой реакции оппонента. Структура взаимодействия задаётся в виде дерева решений, а равновесные исходы определяются методом обратной индукции. Показано, что при принятой в модели иерархии предпочтений наилучшим достижимым исходом для обеих сторон оказывается пассивно-агрессивная линия поведения, позволяющая сочетать демонстрацию решимости с ограничением рисков неконтролируемой эскалации.</p><p>Полученные результаты соотносятся с наблюдаемой практикой повторяющихся эпизодов взаимной демонстрации присутствия (морские и воздушные инциденты, манёвры), которые, с одной стороны, поддерживают конфликт, а с другой – удерживают стороны ниже порога прямого военного столкновения. Предложенная модель объясняет механизм устойчивости конфликта в Эгейском море и позволяет более строго описать причины, по которым кризисная динамика как правило стабилизируется на уровне противостояния низкой интенсивности, не перерастая в полномасштабную эскалацию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Aegean dispute between Türkiye and Greece remains one of the most persistent interstate rivalries in the Eastern Mediterranean, structured around overlapping claims and recurrent frictions concerning maritime zones, national airspace, and the (de)militarised status of Aegean islands, islets, and rocks. While episodes of escalation – most notably the Kardak/Imia crisis–have periodically raised the risk of a wider confrontation, the conflict has largely been managed through controlled, low-intensity interaction rather than open warfare. This article explains that pattern through a gametheoretic model that formalises the strategic interdependence of the two actors and clarifies the logic of their observed behaviour.</p><p>The study models the dispute as a sequential game in which each side is assumed to act rationally and can choose among three stylised strategies–aggressive, passive-aggressive, and passive–depending on its assessment of the situation and the expected response of the other.</p><p>A decision tree specifies the structure of interaction and the associated payoffs, and the equilibrium logic is derived via backward induction.</p><p>The model yields a clear implication: under the specified preference ordering, both sides converge on passive-aggressive behaviour as the outcome that maximises attainable payoffs while limiting the risks of uncontrolled escalation. Substantively, the results account for the empirical regularity of reciprocal demonstrations of presence– naval manoeuvres, air and maritime incidents, and other forms of harassment or signalling–that allow each government to project resolve and defend reputational claims without crossing the threshold into direct military confrontation.</p><p>By providing a transparent strategic rationale for this “managed tension” equilibrium, the article contributes to a more precise understanding of why the Aegean dispute persists and why crisis dynamics often stabilise at the level of chronic, low-intensity rivalry rather than culminating in full escalation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Турция</kwd><kwd>Греция</kwd><kwd>Эгейский спор</kwd><kwd>Эгейское море</kwd><kwd>восточное Средиземноморье</kwd><kwd>международный конфликт</kwd><kwd>международные отношения</kwd><kwd>теория игр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Turkey</kwd><kwd>Greece</kwd><kwd>Aegean Dispute</kwd><kwd>Aegean Sea</kwd><kwd>Eastern Mediterranean</kwd><kwd>International  Conflict</kwd><kwd>International Relations</kwd><kwd>Game Theory</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abapour S., Nazari-Heris M., Mohammadi-Ivatloo B., Tarafdar Hagh M. 2020. 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