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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2025-6-105-44-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-4123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Восток в мировой политике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. East in World Politics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Мит-Гамр»: история и механизмы функционирования первого в мире исламского банка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mit Ghamr: the History and Operating Mechanisms of the World’s First Islamic Bank</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беккин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekkin</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ренат Ирикович Беккин – доктор экономических наук, PhD in Religious Studies, профессор РАН, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>123001, Москва, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Renat I. Bekkin – Doctor of Economics, PhD in Religious Studies, Professor at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Institute for African Studies</p><p>30/1 Spiridonovka St., Moscow, Russia, 123001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bekkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Африки РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беккин Р.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беккин Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekkin R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4123">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4123</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается история создания и функционирования первого в мире исламского банка – Местных сберегательных касс (более известного как банк «Мит-Гамр»). «Мит-Гамр» интересен не только тем, что в его операциях впервые в банковской практике использовались исламские методы финансирования, но и тем, что это было первое социально ориентированное микрофинансовое учреждение, которое за двадцать лет до известного Грамин банка в Бангладеш реализовало идею банка для бедных. Первое отделение Местных сберегательных касс было создано в египетском городке Мит-Гамр в июле 1963 г. Идеологом и руководителем проекта был молодой экономист и бизнесмен Ахмад ан-Наггар (1932–1996), изучавший ранее опыт сберегательных банков в Западной Германии. Создание отделения в Мит-Гамре означало не просто важный этап в развитии финансовых услуг в странах третьего мира, а настоящую революцию в банковском деле. «Мит-Гамр» представлял собой уникальное сочетание беспроцентного финансирования с социально направленной инвестиционной политикой, учитывающей культурные коды клиентов. Пионерская роль ан-Наггара состояла в том, что он не только нашёл эффективные экономические инструменты для реализации идеи беспроцентного финансирования, но и сумел экономически обосновать её, объяснив выгоду как для государства, так и для клиентов. Особое внимание в статье уделено вопросу, насколько справедливо считать «Мит-Гамр» исламским банком, поскольку по ряду ключевых признаков он отличается от современных исламских банков как в мусульманских, так и немусульманских странах. Автор полагает, что современные исламские банки – это лишь один из этапов развития исламских финансов, и в дальнейшем этот финансовый институт эволюционирует. Автор делает вывод, что опыт Местных сберегательных касс важен и актуален для современных финансовых учреждений, работающих как на процентной, так и беспроцентной основе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the origins and early operations of the world’s first Islamic bank—the Local Savings Banks initiative, widely known as the Mit Ghamr Bank. Mit Ghamr is notable not only for translating core principles of Islamic finance into workable institutional practice, but also for anticipating key features of socially oriented microfinance: it operationalized “banking for the poor” roughly two decades before the establishment of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. The first branch opened in July 1963 in the Egyptian town of Mit Ghamr under the leadership of Ahmad al-Naggar, a young economist and entrepreneur influenced by the West German savings bank model. The Mit Ghamr experiment marked an important turning point in the provision of financial services in developing contexts, combining interest-free financial instruments with a development-oriented approach to mobilizing savings and allocating capital that was closely attuned to the socio-cultural environment of its clients. Al-Naggar’s contribution consisted not only in devising practical mechanisms for non-interest-based finance, but also in articulating a coherent economic justification for their adoption, emphasizing prospective benefits for both the state and depositors. Special attention is devoted to the longstanding debate over whether Mit Ghamr should be classified as an “Islamic bank,” given its significant institutional and operational differences from contemporary Islamic banks in both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim settings. The article argues that today’s Islamic banking should be understood as one stage in the continuing evolution of Islamic finance rather than its final form. It concludes that the Mit Ghamr experience remains analytically and practically relevant for contemporary financial institutions, whether operating on interest-based or interest-free principles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«Мит-Гамр»</kwd><kwd>Местные сберегательные кассы</kwd><kwd>Ахмад ан-Наггар</kwd><kwd>исламский банк</kwd><kwd>микрофинансирование</kwd><kwd>сберегательный банк</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mit Ghamr</kwd><kwd>Local Savings Banks</kwd><kwd>Ahmad al-Naggar</kwd><kwd>Islamic Bank</kwd><kwd>Microfinance</kwd><kwd>Savings Bank</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по теме Государственного задания ИАфр РАН № FMZE–2025–0012.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared based on the State Assignment of the Institute of African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. FMZE-2025–0012.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alonso I.M. 2015. 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