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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2025-6-105-124-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-4127</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Россия в мировой экономике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Russia in World Economy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внешнеполитические риски для связности электроэнергетической системы России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Foreign Policy Risks to the Connectivity of Russia's Electric Power System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Андреевич Сизов – кандидат технических наук, генеральный директор</p><p>187342, Ленинградская область, Кировский район, г. Кировск, Ладожская ул., д. 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Sizov – Candidate of Technical Sciences, General Director</p><p>187342, Leningrad Region, Kirovsky District, Kirovsk, Ladozhskaya St., 3a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sizov.a.a@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Ленинградская областная электросетевая компания»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC «Leningrad Regional Electric Grid Company»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сизов А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сизов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sizov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4127">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4127</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу внешнеполитических рисков для трансграничной связности электроэнергетической системы России и стратегий институциональной и технологической адаптации к этим рискам. Концептуальной основой служит современное понимание энергетической безопасности как низкой уязвимости жизненно важных энергосистем. Эмпирически рассмотрены три вектора связности: европейский (десинхронизация БРЭЛЛ и автономизация калининградской подсистемы), евразийский (трансформации в Центральной Азии, формирование общего электроэнергетического рынка ЕАЭС, проекты «Север – Юг») и восточный (экспорт в КНР, технологическое сотрудничество, перспективы каспийских и ближневосточных маршрутов), а также сквозные риски – санкционные, кибернетические и военно-диверсионные. Показано, что трансграничная связность имеет двойственный характер: увеличивая техническую устойчивость за счёт масштаба и взаимной помощи, она одновременно формирует каналы политического давления и угрозу каскадных сбоев. Уязвимости дифференцируются по референтным объектам (государство, регионы, отраслевые сегменты) и ценностям (надёжность снабжения, экономическая эффективность, геополитическое влияние). Портфель адаптационных мер включает повышение автономности критических узлов (островные режимы, резервирование), институционализацию связности в формате «дружественных» объединений (ЕАЭС, южные и восточные перетоки), диверсификацию партнёров и снижение импортозависимости в ключевых технологиях, а также усиление кибер- и физической защиты инфраструктуры. Теоретический вклад состоит в уточнении рамки уязвимости применительно к разветвлённой энергосистеме; практический – в обосновании баланса между интеграцией и изоляцией как принципа управления рисками в условиях геополитической турбулентности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article analyzes the foreign-policy risks arising from the cross-border interconnectedness (inter-system integration) of Russia’s electric power system and the country’s institutional and technological adaptation to these risks. The analysis applies a contemporary conception of energy security as “low vulnerability of vital energy systems,” operationalized through the questions “security for whom, of which values, and from what threats.” Methodologically, the study integrates a multidisciplinary framework with conceptual analysis, qualitative case studies, and elements of network modeling (community detection, betweenness centrality). Empirically, it examines three connectivity vectors: the European (BRELL desynchronization and the islanding of the Kaliningrad subsystem), the Eurasian (Central Asian transformations, the emerging EAEU common electricity market, and North–South projects), and the Eastern (exports to China, technology cooperation, and prospective Caspian and Middle Eastern corridors), alongside cross-cutting risks such as sanctions, cyber threats, and warfare/sabotage. The findings highlight the dual nature of interconnection: while scale and mutual support enhance technical resilience, interties simultaneously create channels of political coercion and cascading failures. Vulnerabilities are differentiated across referent objects (state, regions, sectoral segments) and values (supply reliability, economic efficiency, geopolitical influence). Russia’s adaptation portfolio includes strengthening the autonomy of critical nodes (islanding, redundancy), institutionalizing connectivity within “friendly” formats (EAEU; south- and east-bound interconnections), diversifying partners and reducing import dependence in key technologies, and reinforcing cyber and physical protection of critical infrastructure. The theoretical contribution lies in refining the vulnerability framework for a large multi-node system; the practical contribution is in substantiating a balance between integration and insulation as a principle of connectivity-risk management under geopolitical turbulence.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энергетическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>трансграничная интеграция энергосистем</kwd><kwd>энергетическая геополитика</kwd><kwd>устойчивость критической инфраструктуры</kwd><kwd>евразийский электроэнергетический рынок</kwd><kwd>санкционные риски</kwd><kwd>киберугрозы в энергетике</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>energy security</kwd><kwd>cross-border integration of energy systems</kwd><kwd>energy geopolitics</kwd><kwd>resilience of critical infrastructure</kwd><kwd>Eurasian electricity market</kwd><kwd>sanctions risks</kwd><kwd>cyber threats in the energy sector</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aven T. 2015. 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