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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2025-6-105-154-173</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-4128</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ  СТАТЬИ. Европейский Союз в мировой политике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH  ARTICLES. European Union in World Politics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политика формирования доходов бюджета Европейского союза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Revenue Formation Policy in the European Union Budget</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрежнева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strezhneva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Вадимовна Стрежнева – доктор политических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>117997, Россия, г. Москва, Профсоюзная ул. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Strezhneva – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Principal Researcher (International Relations)</p><p>23 Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.strezhneva@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ИМЭМО им. Е.М. Примакова РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>173</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стрежнева М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стрежнева М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strezhneva M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4128">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4128</self-uri><abstract><p>Один из ключевых вопросов для Евросоюза на период после 2027 г. заключается в том, как финансировать достижение его множащихся стратегических целей: из бюджета на европейском уровне, за счёт совместных заимствований (через разнообразные финансовые инструменты) или из государственных бюджетов странучастниц. Наиболее вероятным представляется сочетание на практике всех трёх указанных вариантов с упором на последний. В частности, Брюсселю нужны новые финансовые ресурсы для пополнения своего бюджета, в том числе для погашения наднационального долга, возникшего в ходе восстановления экономики ЕС после пандемии COVID-19. Научная новизна работы связана с тем, что выбор источников пополнения бюджета ЕС на будущее не трактуется в ней как чисто экономический. Он требует учёта факторов, применимых в псевдо-федеральном контексте экономического управления, присущем Евросоюзу. Под таким углом зрения в статье рассматриваются доходы бюджета ЕС и перспективы реформирования системы собственных ресурсов, включая возможность финансирования наднационального бюджета за счёт общего долга, что имеет большое значение для оценки более долговременной жизнеспособности ЕС. Отмечено, что Евросоюзу не доступно взимание налогов напрямую для собственного бюджета. Тем не менее не отвергается применимость теории фискального федерализма к распределению полномочий по налогообложению и бюджетным расходам в его рамках. Исследование сфокусировано на выявлении того, что препятствует наращиванию в системе Евросоюза доли бюджетных доходов, основанных на налогообложении, для оценки перспектив реформирования доходной части наднационального бюджета. Особое внимание уделено при этом последствиям реализации новых подходов, временно применяемых в связи с программой «ЕС следующего поколения». Проанализированы относящиеся к ЕС официальные источники (договорные положения, доклады Европейской комиссии и др.), а также публикации европейских экспертов, что помогает определить специфику компетенции Евросоюза в налоговых вопросах, как и его налоговой политики. По итогам исследования нашёл подтверждение вывод о том, что целостная система собственных ресурсов, которая была бы действительно автономна от бюджетов государств-членов, если не принимать в расчёт таможенные доходы наднационального бюджета, пока не создана.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The European Union’s post-2027 agenda raises a deceptively simple question: where will the money come from? The problem has acquired new urgency since the European Commission’s July 2025 proposal for the 2028–2034 Multiannual Financial Framework – envisaging a substantially larger envelope (around €2 trillion), greater budgetary flexibility, and additional revenue sources–has reopened distributional conflicts over who pays, who benefits, and under what rules. Moving beyond a purely economic reading, this article frames revenue reform as an institutional choice embedded in the EU’s quasi-federal system of multilevel economic governance and revisits the usefulness – and limits – of first-generation fiscal federalism for interpreting the Union’s evolving fiscal architecture.The analysis is motivated by the fiscal afterlife of NextGenerationEU. Although conceived as an off-budget instrument, interest payments are charged to the EU’s current budget, while principal repayment–up to €338 billion linked to grants and the reinforcement of existing programs via externally assigned revenue–will enter the EU budget as a direct expenditure item from 2028 to 2058, sharpening the political necessity of reshaping the revenue side. Against this background, the article identifies the obstacles that continue to prevent a shift towards tax-based “own resources”, and it evaluates the plausibility of alternative trajectories, including a more explicit reliance on common debt. It does so through a structured examination of the EU’s existing own-resources system and the Commission’s successive reform packages (2021–2025), paying particular attention to proposals that seek to create more autonomous revenue streams–such as reallocating 30 per cent of EU ETS auction revenues and 75 per cent of CBAM proceeds to the EU level–while recognizing the political constraints that have repeatedly stalled agreement in the Council. Drawing on EU primary law and official documentation, alongside expert debates on EU taxing powers and fiscal integration, the article argues that–customs duties aside–the Union still lacks a comprehensive own-resources system that is genuinely autonomous from member-state budgets.</p><p>The core implication is that the EU’s future revenue strategy is likely to remain a politically contested mix of national contributions, tightly circumscribed “tax-like” resources linked to sectoral policies, and carefully designed borrowing instruments whose long-term stabilization remains uncertain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бюджет ЕС</kwd><kwd>собственные ресурсы бюджета ЕС</kwd><kwd>налоговая способность</kwd><kwd>фискальная автономия</kwd><kwd>многоуровневое управление</kwd><kwd>фискальный федерализм</kwd><kwd>программа «ЕС следующего поколения»</kwd><kwd>фискальный союз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EU budget</kwd><kwd>own resources of the EU budget</kwd><kwd>tax capacity</kwd><kwd>fiscal autonomy</kwd><kwd>multilevel governance</kwd><kwd>fiscal federalism</kwd><kwd>Next Generation EU program</kwd><kwd>fiscal union</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antón R.G. 2023. 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