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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-84-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-422</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА. РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ.</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD POLITICS. REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE.</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ и сравнение эффективности лоббирования в США израильских и китайских групп интересов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of the Influence of the Chinese Lobby and the Israeli Lobby in the United States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Графов</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grafov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">graftvc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Телевизионная компания «ТВ ЦЕНТР»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Broadcasting company «TV-Center»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5(44)</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Графов Д.Б., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Графов Д.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grafov D.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/422">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/422</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследованы наиболее эффективные механизмы функционирования в США израильского и китайского лобби. Цель настоящей статьи составляет попытка вычленить в практике лоббирования израильских и китайских интересов в Конгрессе и правительстве США компоненты, описываемые «теорией общего действия» Т. Парсонса. Эта теория помогает ответить на вопрос о причинах эффективности лоббирования одних групп интересов и ошибок других. Автором собран и проанализирован фактический материал на основе лоббистских отчётов, подаваемых секретарю Сената и клерку Палаты представителей США о заказчиках лоббистских услуг, конкретных лоббируемых решениях и суммах, полученных лоббистами. Исследована связь между пожертвованиями в избирательные фонды отдельных законодателей и законодательными решениями, в которых были заинтересованы группы давления и специальных интересов - как лоббисты, так и спонсоры. Изучены вопросы влияния на принимаемые решения в исполнительной и законодательной ветвях власти США инфраструктуры лоббирования и способ представления лоббируемых решений в общественном и политическом пространстве. Автором предпринята попытка объяснить эффективность израильского лобби через: а) встроенность в политический механизм принятия решений; б) аксиоматическое представление интересов Израиля и произраильского лобби через национальные интересы США. Проанализирована деятельность произраильского лобби как сетевой религиозной группы давления. При исследовании влияния китайского лобби главное внимание уделено: сильной экономической зависимости целых отраслей американской экономики от рынка КНР; организованной и управляемой китайской диаспоре; ангажированием бывших американских чиновников через создание привлекательных условий для их бизнеса и бизнеса их родственников в КНР.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is about how pro-Israel and pro-China interest groups try to lobby on the ground of Capitol, White House and executive branch. The study of the lobbying results is based on «General theory of action» T. Parsons. It is concluded that for lobbying interests the main point will be the representation of the interests in the political and public spaces and the creating of advocacy and lobbying infrastructure. The ability of the Israeli lobby to achieve the goal can be explained, firstly, by political inclusion in the decision-making process, and, secondly, by almost axiomatic representation Israel interests through the national interests of the United States. The Israeli lobby can be considered as the religious lobby. It can use the possibilities of Jewish religious organizations in grass root action. Also this gives the opportunity to avoid the requirements of the LDA. From the point of view of the theory of Talcott Parsons, the success of the Israeli lobby is the cause of the action of a large number of actors that may form in large groups. Another advantage of the Israeli lobby is the ability of its members to get relevant information about the current situation in different spheres of political life in the U.S. The objective of the present study was to reveal the ways in which China lobby succeeds. The influence of China lobby on decision-making process in the United States can be explained through strong economic ties between American corporations and the Chinese market. When lobbying China uses numerous Chinese Diaspora in many States, as well as trying to interest of the former high-ranking American officials, granting them special privileges for doing business in China. In comparison to the Israeli lobby, the Chinese lobby has weaknesses. Chinese interest groups are not included in the political system of the USA and this is the disadvantage of the Chinese way of lobbying. Unlike Israel lobby Chinese one is external. The interests of the chinese pressure groups do not coincide with American national interests. Their actors are not rooted in the American political system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лоббирование</kwd><kwd>лобби</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Израиль</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>представление интересов</kwd><kwd>конгресс</kwd><kwd>Сенат</kwd><kwd>инфраструктура лоббирования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>lobbying</kwd><kwd>lobby</kwd><kwd>Israel</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>interest groups</kwd><kwd>Capitol</kwd><kwd>House of representatives</kwd><kwd>Senat</kwd><kwd>White House</kwd><kwd>representation of the interests</kwd><kwd>lobbying infrastructure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парсонс Т. О структуре социального действия. М.: Академический Проект, 2000. 880 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парсонс Т. О структуре социального действия. 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Reuters, 24.06.2011 [электронный источник] Режим доступа http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/24/businesspro-us-usa-china-currencyidUSTRE75N5JE20110624 (дата обращения 24.09.2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U.S. groups urge Congress reject China currency bill. Reuters, 24.06.2011 [электронный источник] Режим доступа http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/24/businesspro-us-usa-china-currencyidUSTRE75N5JE20110624 (дата обращения 24.09.2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White House to name new Jewish liaison. THE TIMES OF ISRAEL, 10.07.2013 [электронный источник] Режим доступа http://www.timesofisrael.com/white-house-to-name-new-liaison-to-jewish-community/(дата обращения 24.09.2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White House to name new Jewish liaison. THE TIMES OF ISRAEL, 10.07.2013 [электронный источник] Режим доступа http://www.timesofisrael.com/white-house-to-name-new-liaison-to-jewish-community/(дата обращения 24.09.2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
