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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2026-2-107-83-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-4279</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Китай в мировой политике и экономике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. China in World Politics and Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дипломатия здравоохранения с китайской спецификой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арсентьева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arsentyeva</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Ильинична Арсентьева – доктор политических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник Института философии и права</p><p>ул. Софьи Ковалевской, д.16, Екатеринбург, 620108</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Arsentyeva – Doctor of Political Science, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law</p><p>16 Sofia Kovalevskaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">airen1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии и права Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арсентьева И.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арсентьева И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arsentyeva I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4279">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4279</self-uri><abstract><p>Пандемия COVID-19, приведя к секьюритизации проблем общественного здравоохранения, сформировала ряд новых трендов в мировой политике и международных отношениях, в том числе существенно увеличила роль медицинской дипломатии во внешнеполитических стратегиях отдельных государств, которые рассматривают её как сферу реализации национальных интересов. Одно из таких государств – Китайская Народная Республика, называющая свои действия в период пандемии крупнейшей операцией по оказанию медицинской помощи с момента своего образования в 1949 г. В статье прослежена эволюция подходов Пекина к дипломатии здравоохранения. Определены особенности современного этапа, отличающегося прагматичным подходом, сочетанием «мягкой» и «жёсткой» силы, акцентом на укреплении сотрудничества Юг–Юг и апеллированием к морали, что обозначено автором статьи как дипломатия здравоохранения с китайской спецификой. Особое внимание уделено одному из направлений инициативы «Пояс и путь» – «Шёлковому пути здоровья», под эгидой которого осуществляется дипломатия здравоохранения КНР в последнее десятилетие. Охарактеризованы изменения на фоне пандемии COVID-19, которая наглядно показала, что геополитическое соперничество мировых держав распространяется на все сферы. Китай стремился, с одной стороны, создать имидж ответственной глобальной державы, способной возглавить усилия мирового сообщества по преодолению коронакризиса; другой – извлечь из этого кризиса максимальные экономические и политические дивиденды. Тем не менее он не смог в полной мере воспользоваться ими для наращивания своего международного влияния. В статье выявлены внешние и внутренние ограничения для китайской дипломатии здравоохранения на современном этапе. Сделан вывод, что Китай пока не готов к достижению и поддержанию лидерства в данной сфере. Вместе с тем устойчивые тренды (включая создание международных коалиций на региональном и глобальном уровнях) позволяют говорить о том, что дипломатия здравоохранения, интегрируясь во внешнеполитическую стратегию КНР, оказывает всё более сильное воздействие на глобальный политико-экономический ландшафт.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines China’s health diplomacy as an increasingly important component of its foreign policy strategy and global political positioning. The COVID-19 pandemic, by securitizing public health and exposing the geopolitical dimension of medical assistance, substantially increased the relevance of health diplomacy as a sphere in which states pursue national interests, cultivate international legitimacy, and compete for influence. The People’s Republic of China represents one of the most significant cases in this regard, since Beijing has described its pandemic-era assistance as the largest medical aid operation in the country’s history.</p><p>The article traces the evolution of China’s approach to health diplomacy from the early use of medical teams in the developing world to the contemporary Health Silk Road, one of the specialized dimensions of the Belt and Road Initiative. The study argues that China’s health diplomacy has entered a new stage characterized by pragmatism, the combined use of soft and hard power, an emphasis on South–South cooperation and appeals to moral responsibility. These features are conceptualized as health diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.</p><p>The theoretical framework draws on public diplomacy, soft power, geopolitical interpretations of vaccine diplomacy, and Chinese foreign policy concepts, including Mao Zedong’s theory of the three worlds, Hu Jintao’s idea of China as a responsible global power, Xi Jinping’s concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, and Yan Xuetong’s moral realism. The empirical basis includes Chinese white papers, documents related to the Health Silk Road, official statements, WHO materials, vaccine and health expenditure trackers, statistics, expert reports, media publications, and academic literature.</p><p>The article shows that China used the COVID-19 pandemic both to present itself as a responsible global power capable of contributing to the management of a worldwide crisis and to gain economic and political benefits. However, Beijing was unable to fully transform these opportunities into sustainable international leadership. Its health diplomacy faces external constraints, including geopolitical rivalry with the United States, distrust toward Chinese intentions, and criticism of vaccine and mask diplomacy, as well as internal limitations related to China’s own healthcare system, transparency deficits, and the absence of a comprehensive global health strategy.</p><p>The article concludes that China is not yet ready to achieve and maintain leadership in global health diplomacy. Nevertheless, the institutionalization of the Health Silk Road, regional coalition-building, and the integration of health diplomacy into China’s broader foreign policy strategy suggest that health diplomacy will remain an important instrument through which Beijing seeks to strengthen its international position and influence global health governance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дипломатия здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>вакцинная дипломатия</kwd><kwd>дипломатия великой державы с китайской спецификой</kwd><kwd>дипломатия здравоохранения с китайской спецификой</kwd><kwd>инициатива «Пояс и путь»</kwd><kwd>«Шёлковый путь здоровья»</kwd><kwd>сотрудничество Юг–Юг</kwd><kwd>пандемия COVID-19</kwd><kwd>геополитическое соперничество США и КНР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health diplomacy</kwd><kwd>vaccine diplomacy</kwd><kwd>major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics</kwd><kwd>health diplomacy with Chinese characteristics</kwd><kwd>Belt and Road Initiative</kwd><kwd>Health Silk Road</kwd><kwd>South–South cooperation</kwd><kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd><kwd>the US-China geopolitical rivalry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bialasiewicz L. 2021. 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