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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2026-2-107-110-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-4280</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Китай в мировой политике и экономике</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. China in World Politics and Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Капитал китайской диаспоры в экономике КНР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chinese Diaspora Capital in China’s Economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонасьева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonaseva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алина Владиславовна Афонасьева – кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра социально-экономических исследований Китая</p><p>117997, Россия, Москва, Нахимовский пр-т, 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina V. Afonaseva – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, leading researcher</p><p>117997, Russia, Moscow, Nakhimovsky av., 32</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alina-afonasyeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Китая и современной Азии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Афонасьева А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Афонасьева А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Afonaseva A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4280">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4280</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена оценке роли капитала китайской диаспоры в экономическом развитии Китайской Народной Республики с 1949 г. по начало 2020-х гг. В центре исследования находится вопрос о том, в какой мере зарубежные китайцы выступали источником прямых инвестиций, предпринимательской активности, экспортного роста, занятости и налоговых поступлений в КНР. Автор анализирует эволюцию хозяйственной деятельности китайской диаспоры в несколько этапов: от ограниченного участия хуацяо в финансировании государственных и государственно-частных предприятий в 1949–1965 гг. до прекращения инвестиционных потоков в годы «культурной революции», восстановления доверия в период реформ и открытости, масштабного роста инвестиций в 1992–2007 гг. и перехода к капиталоёмкому и высокотехнологичному производству в 2008–2023 гг. Методологически статья опирается на анализ китайской и международной статистики, научной литературы, нормативных документов КНР, а также на сопоставление существующих методик оценки прямых инвестиций зарубежных китайцев. Особое внимание уделено корректировке методики расчёта инвестиций китайской диаспоры в современный период с учётом изменения роли Гонконга, Макао, офшорных юрисдикций, стран Юго-Восточной Азии, США и других центров концентрации китайского капитала.</p><p>Согласно авторским расчётам, за 1949–2023 гг. китайская диаспора инвестировала в КНР около 2,03 трлн долл., что составляет значительную часть накопленного объёма прямых иностранных инвестиций. В долгосрочной перспективе КНР оказалась победителем в конкуренции с Тайванем за капитал китайской диаспоры, хотя на ранних этапах этот результат не был предопределён. В 2008–2023 гг. позиции капитала зарубежных китайцев относительно прочего иностранного капитала в КНР заметно усилились. Делается вывод, что в условиях торгово-технологического соперничества с США и оттока части западных инвесторов капитал китайской диаспоры остаётся одним из ключевых ресурсов высокотехнологичного развития КНР и при сохранении текущих тенденций будет частично замещать уходящий западный капитал.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the role of Chinese diaspora capital in the economic development of the People’s Republic of China from 1949 to 2023. It focuses on the business activity of overseas Chinese, or huaqiao-huaren, as a source of foreign direct investment, export expansion, employment creation, tax revenues, and technological upgrading. The study aims to assess the scale and significance of overseas Chinese direct investment in the PRC and to compare it with investment flows from foreign and Taiwanese investors.</p><p>The article reconstructs several stages in the development of overseas Chinese business in China. In 1949–1965, huaqiao capital was channeled mainly into state and state-private enterprises, priority industrial projects, and agriculture, but its potential was constrained by the socialist transformation of private capital. During the Cultural Revolution, investment flows virtually ceased as trust between the PRC and the diaspora collapsed. After the launch of reform and opening-up in 1978, overseas Chinese regained the status of privileged investors and became one of the main sources of FDI, especially in export-oriented, labor-intensive manufacturing. In 1992–2007, their investment expanded sharply, while in 2008–2023 it shifted increasingly toward capital-intensive and high-technology sectors.</p><p>Methodologically, the article draws on Chinese and international statistics, legal documents, scholarly literature, and existing methods for estimating overseas Chinese investment. It also proposes an updated approach for assessing direct investment by the Chinese diaspora in the contemporary period, taking into account the changing roles of Hong Kong, Macao, offshore jurisdictions, Southeast Asia, the United States, and other centers of Chinese diaspora capital. According to the author’s calculations, the Chinese diaspora invested approximately USD 2.03 trillion in the PRC between 1949 and 2023, accounting for about 68 percent of accumulated FDI. By contrast, overseas Chinese investment in Taiwan over the comparable period amounted to only USD 4.46 billion. The article argues that, in the long term, the PRC became the clear winner in the competition with Taiwan for diaspora capital, although this outcome was not predetermined. In the context of the US-China trade war and the withdrawal of some Western investors, overseas Chinese capital remains a key resource for China’s high-technology development and may increasingly replace departing Western capital.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>китайская диаспора (зарубежные китайцы</kwd><kwd>хуацяо-хуажэнь)</kwd><kwd>капитал китайской диаспоры</kwd><kwd>прямые иностранные инвестиции (ПИИ)</kwd><kwd>прямые инвестиции зарубежных китайцев</kwd><kwd>бизнес</kwd><kwd>экономика КНР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chinese Diaspora (Overseas Chinese</kwd><kwd>huaqiao-huaren)</kwd><kwd>Capital of the Chinese Diaspora (Overseas Chinese Capital)</kwd><kwd>Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)</kwd><kwd>Overseas Chinese direct investment (OCDI)</kwd><kwd>business</kwd><kwd>Economy of the PRC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ardovino M. 2009. 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