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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2026-4-109-36-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-4411</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Международная политическая экономия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. International Political Economy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Культурно-институциональные предпосылки экономического роста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Cultural and Institutional Preconditions of Endogenous Growth</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-1699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ваславский</surname><given-names>Я. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaslavskiy</surname><given-names>Y. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ян Ильич Ваславский – доктор экономических наук, кандидат политических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры политической теории</p><p>119454, Россия, г. Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yan I. Vaslavskiy – Doctor of Economics, PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Political Theory</p><p>76 Vernadskogo Prospekt, Moscow, 119454, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vaslavsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-3865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ваславская</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaslavskaya</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Юрьевна Ваславская – доктор экономических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры экономики предприятий и организаций Высшей школы экономики и права</p><p>423812, Россия, Республика Татарстан, г. Набережные Челны, проспект Мира, д. 68/19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Vaslavskaya – Doctor of Economics, Professor, Department of Economics of Enterprises and Organizations, Higher School of Economics and Law</p><p>68/19 Mira Prospekt, Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan, 423812</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">IJVaslavskaya@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1026-920X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Алексеевич Михалёв – аспирант кафедры экономики предприятий и организаций Высшей школы экономики и права</p><p>423812, Россия, Республика Татарстан, г. Набережные Челны, проспект Мира, д. 68/19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil A. Mikhalev – Postgraduate Student, Department of Economics of Enterprises and Organizations, Higher School of Economics and Law, Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch)</p><p>68/19 Mira Prospekt, Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan, 423812, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danil.mikhalev.2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Набережночелнинский институт (филиал) Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch), Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ваславский Я.И., Ваславская И.Ю., Михалев Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ваславский Я.И., Ваславская И.Ю., Михалев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vaslavskiy Y.I., Vaslavskaya I.Y., Mikhalev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4411">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/4411</self-uri><abstract><p>Нобелевская премия по экономике 2025 г. была присуждена Джоэлю Мокиру, Филиппу Агьону и Питеру Ховитту за объяснение того, как инновации обеспечивают устойчивый экономический рост. Это решение объединило два взаимодополняющих направления анализа данного процесса – историко-культурное и экономико-математическое. Цель статьи – реконструировать эволюцию представлений об эндогенных источниках роста, раскрыть формальное содержание модели Агьона–Ховитта и сопоставить её с концепцией «культуры роста» Дж. Мокира. Исследование основано на сравнительном анализе теоретических моделей и критическом обзоре историко-экономической и эмпирической литературы. Показано, что в модели Агьона–Ховитта инновации возникают в результате целенаправленных инвестиций в НИОКР, а устойчивый рост обеспечивается последовательным повышением качества технологий и вытеснением устаревших производственных решений. Развитие этой модели позволило формализовать взаимосвязь между конкуренцией, технологическим разрывом, ожидаемой инновационной рентой и интенсивностью НИОКР. Эмпирические исследования в целом подтверждают значение инновационной активности фирм, конкурентной среды, человеческого капитала и институтов распространения знаний. По мере приближения к технологическому фронтиру возрастает роль собственных исследований и способности создавать, а не только заимствовать технологии. Дж. Мокир обращается к более общему вопросу: какие культурные и институциональные условия позволяют обществу непрерывно создавать и практически использовать полезные знания. Его концепция подчёркивает значение интеллектуальной открытости, конкуренции идей и институтов передачи знаний, однако её положения с трудом поддаются количественной проверке. Сделан вывод, что труды лауреатов образуют не единую модель, а многоуровневую исследовательскую программу, связывающую культурно-институциональные предпосылки инноваций, микроэкономические стимулы к их созданию и макроэкономическую динамику. Ограничения этой программы связаны, с одной стороны, с упрощающими предпосылками формальных моделей, а с другой – с риском чрезмерного обобщения европейского исторического опыта.Нобелевская премия по экономике 2025 г. была присуждена Джоэлю Мокиру, Филиппу Агьону и Питеру Ховитту за объяснение того, как инновации обеспечивают устойчивый экономический рост. Это решение объединило два взаимодополняющих направления анализа данного процесса – историко-культурное и экономико-математическое. Цель статьи – реконструировать эволюцию представлений об эндогенных источниках роста, раскрыть формальное содержание модели Агьона–Ховитта и сопоставить её с концепцией «культуры роста» Дж. Мокира. Исследование основано на сравнительном анализе теоретических моделей и критическом обзоре историко-экономической и эмпирической литературы. Показано, что в модели Агьона–Ховитта инновации возникают в результате целенаправленных инвестиций в НИОКР, а устойчивый рост обеспечивается последовательным повышением качества технологий и вытеснением устаревших производственных решений. Развитие этой модели позволило формализовать взаимосвязь между конкуренцией, технологическим разрывом, ожидаемой инновационной рентой и интенсивностью НИОКР. Эмпирические исследования в целом подтверждают значение инновационной активности фирм, конкурентной среды, человеческого капитала и институтов распространения знаний. По мере приближения к технологическому фронтиру возрастает роль собственных исследований и способности создавать, а не только заимствовать технологии. Дж. Мокир обращается к более общему вопросу: какие культурные и институциональные условия позволяют обществу непрерывно создавать и практически использовать полезные знания. Его концепция подчёркивает значение интеллектуальной открытости, конкуренции идей и институтов передачи знаний, однако её положения с трудом поддаются количественной проверке. Сделан вывод, что труды лауреатов образуют не единую модель, а многоуровневую исследовательскую программу, связывающую культурно-институциональные предпосылки инноваций, микроэкономические стимулы к их созданию и макроэкономическую динамику. Ограничения этой программы связаны, с одной стороны, с упрощающими предпосылками формальных моделей, а с другой – с риском чрезмерного обобщения европейского исторического опыта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prompted by the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt, this article asks how sustained innovation-driven growth can be explained by integrating endogenous growth theory with cultural and institutional analysis of knowledge production. It traces the shift from exogenous technological change to the Schumpeterian Aghion–Howitt framework and compares that framework with Mokyr’s concept of a “culture of growth.” Methodologically, it combines comparative analysis of models, reconstruction of mechanisms, and a critical review of historical and empirical research on innovation, competition, human capital, institutions, and technological diffusion.The analysis shows that the Aghion–Howitt framework explains growth as an endogenous sequence of quality-improving innovations generated by R&amp;D investment. Successful innovators obtain temporary monopoly rents, while each new technology displaces the previous one, producing “creative destruction.” Later extensions link innovation intensity to technological gaps between leaders and followers and explain the inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation: moderate competition may encourage firms to “escape competition,” whereas excessive pressure can reduce expected returns to research for lagging firms. Evidence supports the importance of R&amp;D, firm entry and exit, resource reallocation, human capital, institutional quality, and distance to the technological frontier, but shows that their effects vary across countries, industries, and stages of development.Mokyr addresses a historical question: why some societies became capable of producing, transmitting, and applying useful knowledge. His approach identifies intellectual openness, competition among ideas and jurisdictions, mobility, research autonomy, and institutions for preserving and disseminating knowledge as conditions that can turn isolated inventions into sustained technological progress. The article argues, however, that Mokyr’s cultural variables are difficult to operationalize and risk generalizing a European historical trajectory. Conversely, formal growth models simplify technological coexistence, the role of the state, international dependence, and the institutional diversity of innovation systems.The conclusion is that these approaches do not constitute a single theory. Together, they form a multilevel research program linking cultural and institutional preconditions for knowledge creation, microeconomic incentives for innovation, and macroeconomic growth. This synthesis explains why neither market incentives, state coordination, nor cultural openness alone is sufficient to account for long-run technological development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модель Агьона–Ховитта</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>инновации</kwd><kwd>теория эндогенного роста</kwd><kwd>созидательное разрушение</kwd><kwd>технологический прогресс</kwd><kwd>культура роста</kwd><kwd>институты производства и распространения знаний</kwd><kwd>Нобелевская премия по экономике</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>: The Aghion–Howitt model</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>innovation</kwd><kwd>endogenous growth theory</kwd><kwd>creative destruction</kwd><kwd>technological progress</kwd><kwd>a culture of growth</kwd><kwd>institutions for the production and dissemination of knowledge</kwd><kwd>Nobel Prize in Economics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acemoglu D., Aghion P. and Zilibotti F. 2006. 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