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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-182-187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-461</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА. АФРИКА В МИРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ.</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD POLITICS. AFRICA IN WORLD POLITICS.</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Руанда после геноцида: формальные и неформальные институты в преодолении «ловушек развития»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rwanda after the Genocide: Formal and Informal Institutions in Overcoming Development Traps</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vestnik@mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6(45)</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глазова Е.С., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глазова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glazova E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/461">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/461</self-uri><abstract><p>Устойчивое воспроизведение кризисов, или постоянное попадание развивающихся стран в так называемые «ловушки развития», представляет собой одну из актуальных мировых проблем. В качестве объяснительной гипотезы можно предложить зависимость от предыдущей траектории развития, вытекающую из антагонистического характера отношений формальных и неформальных институтов общества. Такую гипотезу иллюстрирует случай Руанды, которая, несмотря на широкомасштабную иностранную помощь в 1960-х - начале 1990-х гг., не смогла устранить общественно-политические противоречия, нарастание которых привело к геноциду 1994 г. Однако после 2000 г. страна демонстрирует восходящую динамику, особенно в области эффективности управления и контроля над коррупцией. Эти успехи предопределялись двумя факторами: во-первых, институциональным вакуумом в результате разрушения конкурентных правил и практик эпохи президента Хабьяримана, и, во-вторых, эффективным руководством, выразившимся в сознательной опоре правящей элиты на неформальные практики для преодоления кризиса. Был сделан выбор в пользу формализации автохтонных практик, включения в легальное правовое поле традиционных или возрождённых в иной форме (и наполненных зачастую другим содержанием) институтов, а также создания новых норм. Таким образом, Руанда - это пример успешного институционального реформирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Permanent self-reproduction of crises or getting into so called development traps in underdeveloped countries constitutes one of the most significant world problems. An explanatory hypothesisis that antagonistic relationship between formal and informal institutions makes it impossible to overcome path dependence. The problem is illustrated by the case of Rwanda, which, despite the large-scale foreign aid in the 1960s-early 1990s, failed to resolve the growing socio-political contradictions that eventually led to the 1994 genocide. However, since the 2000s Rwanda has been demonstrating an upward trend especially in governance and control of corruption. In the author's view, success in the post-genocidal period was determined by two factors: first, by the institutional vacuum created by the collapse of competitive rules and practices of the President Habyarimana era; second, by the effective leadership shown by the ruling elite support of informal practices to overcome the crisis. Between the possible reform options the choice was made in favor of formalization of autochthonous practices, introduction of traditional or restored (filled with a new meaning) institutions into the legal sphere, and creation of new rules. Rwanda is therefore an example of successful institutional transformation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ловушки развития</kwd><kwd>Руанда</kwd><kwd>иностранная помощь</kwd><kwd>Всемирный банк</kwd><kwd>западные доноры</kwd><kwd>институциональные изменения</kwd><kwd>формальные и неформальные институты</kwd><kwd>традиционные нормы и практики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>development traps</kwd><kwd>Rwanda</kwd><kwd>foreign aid</kwd><kwd>World Bank</kwd><kwd>western donors</kwd><kwd>institutional changes</kwd><kwd>formal and informal institutions</kwd><kwd>traditional norms and practices</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асимметрия мировой системы суверенитета: зоны проблемной государственности / под ред. М.В. Ильина, И.В. 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