<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2016-1-46-188-195</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-499</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GLOBAL ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ПОДДЕРЖКИ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИГРАЦИИ В ГЕРМАНИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SOCIAL ASPECT OF SUPPORT OF SMALL BUSINESS AND PROBLEMS OF MIGRATION IN GERMANY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онучак</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onuchak</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., доцент кафедры учёта, статистики и аудита,</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. in Economics, Department of statistics, accountancy and audit,</p><p>76 Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vestnik@mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(46)</issue><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Онучак В.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Онучак В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Onuchak V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/499">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/499</self-uri><abstract><p>Поток беженцев в ФРГ можно рассматривать как политическую миграцию, при которой прибытие мигрантов увеличивает нагрузку на бюджет за счёт выплат социальных пособий. На первый взгляд кажется, что существующие льготы и стимулы создания малых и средних предприятий (МСП) достаточно велики и что проблем в трудоустройстве такого количества мигрантов не должно быть - они займут потенциальные рабочие места или откроют свой бизнес. Однако политическая миграция, в отличие от трудовой, не в состоянии привести к повышению самозанятости населения. В настоящий момент ограничить массовую миграцию той же Германии необходимо, если страна намерена сохранить свою экономику. Положительное влияние нынешнего миграционного потока на экономику будет кратковременным, связанным с увеличением спроса. В недалёком же будущем беженцы потребуют значительных расходов бюджета, так как они не платят налогов (или платят их в меньшем размере), но требуют дополнительных расходов по обеспечению безопасности в социальной сфере.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The flow of refugees in Germany is a political migration at which the flow of migrants increases load of the budget due to payments of social benefits. At first sight, apparently, the existing privileges and incentives of creation of small and medium-sized enterprises (MSP) rather big and that problems inemployment of such number of migrants shouldn't be. They will take potential workplaces or will open the business, but a question in, whether it is possible to occupy the arrived migrants in small business in the territory of Germany. However, unlike labor migration which increases self-employment of the population, political migration of such effect can't give. At present it is necessary to limit global migration of the same Germany if the country intend store the economy. Positive influence of a migratory stream on national economy will be short-term, connected with increase in demand. In the near future refugees will demand considerable expenses of the budget as they don't pay taxes or pay them in a smaller size, demand additional expenses on safety in the social sphere.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малые и средние предприятия</kwd><kwd>трудовая и политическая миграция</kwd><kwd>самозанятость населения</kwd><kwd>бюджет</kwd><kwd>выплата социальных пособий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small and medium-sized enterprises</kwd><kwd>labor and political migration</kwd><kwd>self-employment of the population</kwd><kwd>budget</kwd><kwd>payment of social benefits</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бизнесмены-иммигранты в Германии. Бизнес в Германии [электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://indeutschland.ru/business/2014/09/06/biznesmeny-immigranty-v-germanii.html (дата обращения: 8.10.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biznesmeny-immigranty v Germanii [Businessmen immigrants in Germany]. Biznes v Germanii [Business in Germany]. Available at: http://indeutschland.ru/business/2014/09/06/biznesmeny-фimmigranty-v-germanii. html (Accessed: 08.10.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">В Германии вводится МРОТ // Коммерсант.ru [электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2506264 (дата обращения: 10.10.2014).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hvostik E. V Germanii vvoditsja MROT [The minimum wage is introduced in Germany]. Kommersant.ru, 04.07.2014. Available at: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2506264 (Accessed: 10.10.2014). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Германия растёт на мигрантах // Эксперт-Онлайн [электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://expert.ru/2015/11/27/germaniya-rastet-na-migrantah/ (дата обращения: 30.11.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koroleva A. Germanija rastet na migrantah [Germany grows on Migration]. Jekspert-Onlajn, 27.11.2015. Available at: http://expert.ru/2015/11/27/germaniya-rastet-na-migrantah/ (Accessed: 30.11.2015). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Как живёт и работает малый бизнес в Германии. Российская Бизнес-газета. № 928 (50) 24.12.2013 [электронный ресурс]. http://www.rg.ru/ (дата обращения: 04.12.2014).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roze A. Kak zhivet i rabotaet malyj biznes v Germanii [How is small business in Germany]. Rossijskaja Biznes-gazeta. №928 (50). 24.12.2013. Available at: http://www.rg.ru/2013/12/24/germania.html (Accessed: 4.12.2014). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онучак В.А.Основные принципы поддержки малого предпринимательства в условиях российских нефтедобывающих регионов // Предпринимательство. 2008. № 6. С. 56-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onuchak V.A. Osnovnye principy podderzhki malogo predprinimatel'stva v uslovijah rossijskih neftedobyvajushhih regionov [The basic principles of support of small business in the conditions of Russian oil-producing regions]. Predprinimatel'stvo, 2008, no. 6, pp. 56 - 58. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Предпринимательство в Германии [электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://germany-in-russian.ru/predprinimatelstvo-v-germanii.html (дата обращения: 8.10.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Predprinimatel'stvo v Germanii [Entrepreneurship in Germany]. Available at: http://germany-in-russian.ru/ predprinimatelstvo-v-germanii.html (Accessed: 08.10.2015). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экономика стран ЕС после введения евро: от эйфории 1999 г. до долгового кризиса 2010-х годов / Под ред. А.В. Кузнецова, Е.С. Хесина. М.: ИМЭМО РАН, 2013. 250 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jekonomika stran ES posle vvedenija evro: ot jejforii 1999 g. do dolgovogo krizisa 2010-h godov [The economy of the EU countries after the introduction of the euro: the euphoria of 1999 to the debt crisis of the 2010s]. Ed. by A.V. Kuznecov, E.S. Hesin. Moscow, IMJeMO RAN Publ., 2013. 250 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экономика ФРГ зависит от ситуации с беженцами [электронный ресурс]. Mode of access: http://www.web-globus.de/articles/ekonomika_frg_zavisit_ot_situatsii_s_bezhentsami (дата обращения: 2.12.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jekonomika FRG zavisit ot situacii s bezhencami [The German economy depends on the situation with refugees]. web GLOBUS, 04.11.2015. Available at: http://www.web-globus.de/articles/ekonomika_frg_zavisit_ot_situatsii_s_bezhentsami (Accessed: 02.12.2015). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asylum and new asylum applicants // Eurostat [электронный ресурс]. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&amp;init=1&amp;plugin=1&amp;language=en&amp;pcode=tps00189 (дата обращения: 4.12.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asylum and new asylum applicants. Eurostat, 28.09.2015. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&amp;init=1&amp;plugin=1&amp;language=en&amp;pcode=tps00189 (Accessed: 04.12.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Germany may need €21bn to house and educate refugees // The Guardian [электронный ресурс]. Mode of access: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/11/germany-may-need-21bn-to-house-andeducate-refugees-report] (дата обращения: 8.11.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Germany may need €21bn to house and educate refugees. The Guardian, 11.11.2015. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/11/germany-may-need-21bn-to-house-and-educate-refugeesreport] (Accessed: 08.11.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">How many are genuine? As Europe locks down its borders, eye witnesses claim fewer than a third of refugees who have made it to Germany are Syrian - and some are even ISIS infiltrators [электронный ресурс]. Mode of access: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3235972/How-genuine-Europe-locks-borders-eyewitnesses-claim-fewer-refugees-Germany-Syrian-ISIS-infiltrators (дата обращения:14.12.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid S. How many are genuine? As Europe locks down its borders, eye witnesses claim fewer than a third of refugees who have made it to Germany are Syrian – and some are even ISIS infiltrators. Daily Mail, 15.09.2015. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3235972/How-genuine-Europe-locks-borders-eyewitnesses-claim-fewer-refugees-Germany-Syrian-ISIS-infiltrators (Accessed:14.12.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Migrant integration statistics - employment // Eurostat [электронный ресурс]. Mode of access: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Migrant_integration_statistics_-_employment (дата обращения: 4.12.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Migrant integration statistics – employment. Eurostat, May 2015. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Migrant_integration_statistics_-_employment (Accessed: 04.12.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">New projection of Germany's population by 2060 [электронный ресурс]. Mode of access: https://www.destatis.de/EN/PressServices/Press/pr/2015/04/PE15_153_12421.html(дата обращения: 9.12.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">New projection of Germany's population by 2060. Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden, 28.04.2015. Available at: https://www.destatis.de/EN/PressServices/Press/pr/2015/04/PE15_153_12421.html (Accessed: 09.12.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
