<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-273-279</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРАНОВОЙ УРОВЕНЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL LEVEL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ЮЖНО-АФРИКАНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HISTORY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загребельная</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagrebelnaya</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., учёный секретарь Совета МГИМО-Университета,</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in economics, scientific secretary of the Academic Council of MGIMO-University,</p><p>76, Vernadsky av., 119454 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nzagrebelnaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шитов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shitov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор кафедры мировой экономики,</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of science in economics, professor of the Department of World Economy,</p><p>76, Vernadsky av., 119454 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shitov@mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(48)</issue><fpage>273</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Загребельная Н.С., Шитов В.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Загребельная Н.С., Шитов В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zagrebelnaya N.S., Shitov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/558">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/558</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются специфические черты формирования аграрного и промышленного секторов Республики Южная Африка с момента образования Капской колонии. Эти черты обусловлены с одной стороны гораздо более ранней колонизацией Юга Африки в сравнении с другими странами Африки южнее Сахары, а с другой - масштабным притоком на Юг Африки европейцев. Две наиболее значимые из этих специфических черт следующие. Первое: в отличие от других стран Африки южнее Сахары аграрный сектор изначально развивался на базе частной собственности и западных технологий. Второе: в нём отсутствует деление на «африканский» и «европейский» субсектора, а продукция южноафриканского сельского хозяйства всегда была ориентирована как на внешний, так и на внутренний рынок. Развитие промышленного сектора Республики Южная Африка началось с добывающих отраслей; а именно алмазо- и золотодобычи. Авторы особенно отмечают роль золотодобычи, которая благодаря своему мультипликационному эффекту положила начало промышленной революции на Юге Африки. Становление обрабатывающей промышленности шло главным образом на базе импортозамещения. В статье выделяются несколько этапов импортозамещения и анализируются его результаты. Авторы указывают на особую значимость импортозамещения во время Первой и Второй мировых войн.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyses specific historic features of formation of agrarian and industrial sectors of Republic of South Africa since the establishment of Cape Colony. These features resulted from much earlier colonization of South Africa in comparison with other Sub-Saharan African countries on the one hand and from a large-scale influx of Europeans to the South Africa on the other hand. The two most important of these specific features are the following. First. Contrary to other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa development of the agrarian sector of Republic of South Africa was based on private property and western technologies from the start. Second. The sector is not divided into «African» and «European» sub-sectors, and South-African agricultural produce has always been oriented to both: external and internal markets. Development of industrial sector of Republic of South Africa started with creation of extractive industries, namely: extraction of diamonds and of gold. The authors specifically emphasize the role of gold extraction which grace to its effect of multiplicator opened the way for industrial revolution in the South of Africa. Development of manufacturing was mainly based on import-substitution. The article argues that there were several stages of import-substitution and analyses their outcomes. The authors point out to the special importance of import-substitution during the period of I World War and II World War.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>национальный хозяйственный комплекс</kwd><kwd>аграрный сектор</kwd><kwd>промышленный сектор</kwd><kwd>импортозамещение</kwd><kwd>Южно-Африканская Республика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>national economic system</kwd><kwd>agrarian sector</kwd><kwd>industrial sector</kwd><kwd>import substitution</kwd><kwd>Republic of South Africa</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Development Indicators. Washington: The World Bank, 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Development Indicators. Washington: The World Bank, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elphick R., Giliomee H. (ed.). The Shaping of South African Society, 1652-1840. Wesleyan University Press, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elphick R., Giliomee H. (ed.). The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1840.Wesleyan University Press, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greyling L., Verhoef G. Slow growth, supply shocks and structural change: The GDP of the Cape Colony in the late nineteenth century //Economic History of Developing Regions. 2015. Vol. 30. №. 1. Pp. 23-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greyling L., Verhoef G. Slow growth, supply shocks and structural change: The GDP of the Cape Colony in the late nineteenth century. Economic History of Developing Regions. 2015. Vol. 30. №. 1. Pp. 23-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marks S., Atmore A. Economy and society in pre-industrial South Africa. - Longman Publishing Group, 1980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marks S., Atmore A. Economy and society in pre-industrial South Africa. Longman Publishing Group, 1980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meredith M. Diamonds, Gold and War: The Making of South Africa. - Simon &amp; Schuster, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meredith M. Diamonds, Gold and War: The Making of South Africa. Simon &amp; Schuster, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newbury C. W. The diamond ring: Business, politics, and precious stones in South Africa, 1867-1947. Oxford University Press, 1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newbury C. W. The diamond ring: Business, politics, and precious stones in South Africa, 1867-1947. Oxford University Press, 1989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross R. J. The origins of capitalist agriculture in the Cape Colony: A survey //William Beinart, Peter Delius and Stanley Trapido (eds.) Putting a Plough to the Ground: Accumulation and dispossession in rural South Africa, 1850-1930. 1986. Pp. 57-100. URL: https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/4262/1246876_049.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross R. J. The origins of capitalist agriculture in the Cape Colony: A survey. In William Beinart, Peter Delius and Stanley Trapido (eds.) Putting a Plough to the Ground: Accumulation and dispossession in rural South Africa, 1850-1930. 1986. Pp. 57-100. URL: https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/4262/1246876_049.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The New Encylcopaedia Britannica. Vol. 27. 15th edition. London, 1993, P. 858.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The New Encylcopaedia Britannica. Vol. 27. 15th edition. London, 1993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson, Monica, and Leonard Monteath Thompson, eds. The Oxford History of South Africa: South Africa to 1870. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson, Monica, and Leonard Monteath Thompson, eds. The Oxford History of South Africa: South Africa to 1870. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worden N., Crais C. C. Breaking the chains: slavery and its legacy in the nineteenth-century Cape Colony. - Witwatersrand Univ Pr, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worden N., Crais C. C. Breaking the chains: slavery and its legacy in the nineteenth-century Cape Colony. – Witwatersrand Univ Pr, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Development Indicators. Washington: The World Bank, 2015. Tables 1.1, 3.3, 4.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Development Indicators. Washington: The World Bank, 2015. Tables 1.1, 3.3, 4.2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
