mgimoreviewВестник МГИМО-УниверситетаMGIMO Review of International Relations2071-81602541-9099MGIMO Universty Press10.24833/2071-8160-2016-4-49-181-189mgimoreview-606Research ArticleМИРОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКАWORLD POLITICSСОВЕТ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ США В ОЦЕНКАХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ АМЕРИКАНСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙTHE U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL STUDIESПавловВ. В.PavlovV. V.

аспирант кафедры политологии и политического управления Института общественных наук,

119571, Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 84

PhD student, Department of Political Science and Public Management, School of Public Policy,

Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119571

vladimir.v.pavlov@inbox.ruРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при президенте Российской ФедерацииРоссияThe Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public AdministrationRussian Federation20162808201604(49)181189Copyright © Павлов В.В., 20162016Павлов В.В.Pavlov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/606

Совет национальной безопасности США, созданный в соответствии с положениями Закона о национальной безопасности 1947 г., является главным совещательным органом при президенте республики, призванным помочь главе государства принять правильные решения по вопросам, находящимся в плоскости национальной безопасности. Система СНБ за свою почти семидесятилетнюю историю постоянно эволюционировала, а его аппарат постепенно превратился в отдельное «министерство», позволяя президентам сосредоточивать в Белом доме всевозрастающий контроль над американской внешней политикой. Именно поэтому Совету национальной безопасности уделяется серьёзное внимание со стороны американских исследователей внешнеполитического механизма. В американской научной литературе, посвящённой данной проблематике, существует своеобразный трёхаспектный консенсус: функционирование и эффективность процесса принятия решений является, в первую очередь, результатом действий президента; президент примет наилучшее решение, выслушав весь спектр возможных альтернатив и оценив последствия каждого из вариантов политики; должность советника по вопросам национальной безопасности, который зачастую является одним из наиболее приближённых к президенту должностных лиц и выступает координатором системы принятия решений, становится одной из ключевых в современных американских президентских администрациях и самой влиятельной из не подлежащих утверждению со стороны законодательной ветви власти США. Какие-либо фундаментальные изменения в практике работы внешнеполитического механизма США, как и снижение влияния Белого дома на сферу внешней политики, в ближайшей перспективе представляются маловероятными.

Established in accordance with the provisions of the National Security Act of 1947, the U.S. National Security Council is the main advisory body to the President of the United States tasked with helping the head of state to make the right decisions on matters related to national security. NSC system has been constantly evolving for some 70 years, and the NSC staff became a separate 'ministry' of a kind, allowing presidential administrations to focus ever-increasing control over American foreign policy in the White House. That is why serious attention is devoted to the National Security Council by American researches studying foreign policy decision-making. Here, a 'three-pronged consensus' exists: functioning and efficiency of the decision-making process is primarily a result of presidential actions; the President will make the best decision after becoming aware of the whole range of possible alternatives and assessing the consequences of each policy option; the position of the National Security Advisor, who is often one of the closest officials to the President and serves as a coordinator of the decision-making process, is considered to be one of the most notable in today's U.S. presidential administrations - and the most influential of those not being a subject to approval by the legislative branch of U.S. government. Any fundamental changes in the practice of U.S. foreign policy mechanism, as well as a decline of the White House influence on foreign policy are unlikely in the short term.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.