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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2016-4-49-262-273</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-613</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GLOBAL ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЦЕНТНЫЕ СТАВКИ: ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЕ БАНКИ ПОШЛИ НА ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NEGATIVE INTEREST RATES: CENTRAL BANKS INITIATED AN EXPERIMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буренин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burenin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор кафедры международных финансов,</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Economics, professor, Department of International Finance,</p><p>76 Prospekt Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anburenin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4(49)</issue><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Буренин А.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буренин А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burenin A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/613">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/613</self-uri><abstract><p>Отрицательные ставки возникли как следствие экономических трудностей, с которыми столкнулись страны с рыночной экономикой в результате кризиса 2007-2008 гг. Усилия монетарных властей по стимулированию экономики за счёт осуществления количественных смягчений не дали желаемого результата, поэтому центральные банки вновь обратились к традиционному инструменту своей денежной политики, а именно, изменению ставки процента. Однако на этот раз они пошли на эксперимент - взяли на вооружение отрицательные ставки. Европейский центральный банк, шведский Riksbank, Банк Японии и Национальный банк Венгрии ввели отрицательные ставки для стимулирования экономического роста и борьбы с дефляцией, Национальный банк Дании и Национальный банк Швейцарии - для сдерживания роста курса национальных валют. Отрицательные ставки центральных банков привели к снижению доходности по государственным и негосударственным облигациям ряда стран до отрицательных значений. Остроту проблеме добавляет тот факт, что отрицательные ставки одновременно появились в нескольких европейских странах в тот момент, кода глобальные финансовые рынки не находятся в кризисе. В связи с отрицательными ставками возникает ряд вопросов, например, насколько низко могут опустить ставки центральные банки в будущем, как они влияют на конъюнктуру фондовых рынков, какой может быть реакция вкладчиков на введение отрицательных ставок по депозитам коммерческими банками, следует ли отрицательную ставку рассматривать как ставку процента или как плату за хранение денег, уплачиваемую депонентом, в каких условиях политика отрицательных ставок является оправданной для борьбы с дефляцией? Последний вопрос имеет важное значение, так как недавние исследования говорят о том, что дефляция может вызываться разными причинами. В связи с этим положительный экономический рост возможен и в условиях дефляции. Если центральные банки не учитывают данный нюанс, то своими действиями по увеличению ликвидности они могут привести кразбалансированности экономики. Отрицательные ставки не так безобидны, как это может показаться на первый взгляд. Ещё недавно консервативный инвестор, который стремился избегать риска, покупал госбумаги, доходность которых, согласно теории, не могла опуститься ниже нулевого уровня. Введя отрицательные ставки, центральные банки фактически сказали, что для процентной ставки больше не существует нижней границы. Таким образом, сейчас инвесторы поставлены в условия абсолютной неопределенности, и риск выступает абсолютной доминантой, от которой уже нельзя укрыться даже в госбумагах. Если подняться на более высокий уровень абстракции и представить экономику как живой организм, который пытается восстановить свою жизнеспособность, то отрицательные ставки можно рассматривать как способ, с помощью которого экономика пытается решить задачу уменьшения ликвидности. В преддверии очередного циклического кризиса центральным банкам можно было бы посоветовать сделать ещё один шаг в вопросе освоения новых рычагов монетарного регулирования - перейти к использованию фьючерсных контрактов на процентные инструменты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Negative interest rates appeared as a consequence of economic problems that countries with market economy came across after the crises of2007-2008. The attempts of monetary authorities to stimulate economies with the help of quantitative easing didn't bring the desired result. That's why the central banks once again resorted to a traditional tool of their monetary policy of changing interest rates. But this time they launched an experiment, they used negative interest rates. The European Central Bank, the Swedish Riksbank, the Bank of Japan, and the National Bank of Hungary introduced negative rates in order to stimulate economic growth and fight the threat of deflation, the Danish National Bank and the Swiss National Bank tried to deter appreciation of their currencies. Negative rates of the central banks brought about negative yields of government and nongovernment securities in several countries. The problem acquires an aggravated form due to the fact that negative rates appeared in several European countries simultaneously at the moment when global financial markets were not in crises. Some questions arise concerning the negative rates, for example, how low can central banks bring down the rates in the future, what is their influence on the stock markets, what is the reaction of depositors to the introduction of negative deposit rates by commercial banks, must one consider a negative rate as a rate of interest or payment to store money of the depositor, in which circumstances negative rates can be justified to fight deflation. The last question plays an important role, because recent studies find that positive economic growth is possible during deflation. If central banks don't take this nuance into consideration, they can create economic imbalances by increasing liquidity. Negative rates are not as inoffensive as it may seem at first glance. Not far ago an investor, who tried to averse risk, was buying government securities. Their yields according to theory could not become lower than zero. By introducing negative rates, the central banks told in fact that the lower bound of the interest rate didn't exist any more. Thus, now investors find themselves in a situation of complete uncertainty, and risk becomes an absolute dominance. They can't averse it even in government securities. Such situation influences financial markets in a negative way. If we go up to a higher level of abstraction and imagine an economy as a live organism, which tries to rehabilitate itself, then the negative rates can be considered as a way through which the economy tries to solve the task of reducing liquidity. Studies show that so far the introduction of modestly negative rates have not affected the functioning of money markets much. In anticipation of the forthcoming cyclical crisis it is possible to give advice to the central banks to make one more step in the issue of the development of new tools of monetary regulation. Such new tools could be represented by futures contracts on interest rates securities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отрицательные процентные ставки</kwd><kwd>центральные банки</kwd><kwd>дефляция</kwd><kwd>облигации с отрицательной доходностью</kwd><kwd>экономический кризис</kwd><kwd>процентные фьючерсы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>negative interest rates</kwd><kwd>central banks</kwd><kwd>deflation</kwd><kwd>bonds with negative yields</kwd><kwd>economic crises</kwd><kwd>interest rate futures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greeley B. The Great Negative Rates Experiment. The Swedes, Danes, and Swiss venture to the subzero zone [Электронный ресурс]. // Bloomberg Business Week. 22.10.2015. 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