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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2016-5-50-115-127</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-627</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОДДЕРЖКА НАУКИ В ЯПОНИИ: ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ ФОРМЫ И ФИНАНСОВЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE SUPPORT OF SCIENCE IN JAPAN: ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND FINANCIAL MECHANISMS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проничкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronichkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник,</p><p>117312, Москва, пр-т 60-летия Октября, 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher,</p><p>9 pr-t 60-letiia Oktiabria, Moscow, 117312</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pronichkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5(50)</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Проничкин С.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Проничкин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pronichkin S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/627">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/627</self-uri><abstract><p>Создание Федерального агентства научных организаций, Российского научного фонда существенно изменило относительную значимость сложившихся в нашей стране механизмов финансирования науки и потребовало осмысления возможных последствий смены управленческой парадигмы для результативности российской науки. В эпицентре дискуссии оказались вопросы организации и финансирования исследований, обеспечения баланса интересов и ответственности государства, научного сообщества и деловых структур в определении научных приоритетов, диверсификации механизмов поддержки различных видов научной деятельности. В таком контексте особое значение приобретает зарубежный опыт поддержки науки. Япония представляет пример страны, в которой предложен новый подход к поддержке научных исследований. Поэтому представляется интерес нам рассмотреть суть нового механизма финансирования научных исследований в аспекте национальных особенностей научно-технической политики Японии и деятельности конкретных институций, осуществляющих поддержку научных исследований. В основу работы положены принципы системного подхода с использованием общенаучных методов исследования, таких как классификационный и структурный анализ, сочетание логического и функциональных методов выявления причинно-следственных связей. Структура статьи состоит из четырёх разделов. В первом проводится анализ организации и финансирования науки в Японии, рассмотрены последние изменения в научно-технической политике, которые привели к разработке новой схемы финансирования. Второй и третий разделы посвящены традиционным механизмам поддержки научных исследований в Японии, а именно грантовый и программно-целевой. В четвёртом разделе рассмотрен новый механизм поддержки научных исследований. В работе выделены достоинства и недостатки традиционных механизмов поддержки научных исследований в Японии. Проведены параллели между подходами к поддержке научных исследований со стороны Японского общества содействия науке и Японского агентства по науке и технологиям. Сформулированы условия для того, чтобы новый механизм финансирования научных исследований эффективно функционировал. Эти условия включают: достаточность финансирования, мобильность научных кадров, наличие развитой научно-исследовательской инфраструктуры, а также высокую абсорбционную активность частного сектора экономики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recent organizational and structural changes have significantly changed the relative importance of research funding mechanisms in Russia. There is a need for understanding the possible effects of changes to Russian science. In this context, particular important to research a foreign experience of research funding. For example in Japan have developed a new approach to research funding. It is important to consider the essence of the new approach to research funding, in the aspect of national characteristics of research policy in Japan. It is also necessary to take into account the specific activities of the research funding institutions. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional mechanisms of research funding in Japan. The author draws parallels between the approaches to research funding by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Japan Science and Technology Agency. The recent changes in research policy, which led to development of the new funding scheme are described. The new research funding scheme is analyzed. The necessary conditions for effectively functioning of the new research funding scheme are identified. These conditions include adequacy of funding, mobility of research personnel, advanced research infrastructure, high absorption capability of the private sector.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прикладные исследования</kwd><kwd>фундаментальные исследования</kwd><kwd>научные организации</kwd><kwd>грантовое финансирование</kwd><kwd>программно-целевое финансирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>applied research</kwd><kwd>basic research</kwd><kwd>scientific organizations</kwd><kwd>grant funding</kwd><kwd>programoriented funding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдулов А.Н., Кулькин А.М. Финансирование науки в развитых странах мира: Аналитический обзор. М.: ИНИОН РАН, 2007. 116 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdulov A.N., Kul'kin A.M. 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