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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2017-5-56-183-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЛИЖНИЙ ВОСТОК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MIDDLE EAST</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ИСЛАМ, ТЕРРОРИЗМ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ НА БЛИЖНЕМ ВОСТОКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>POLITICAL ISLAM, TERRORISM AND SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джаббари Насир</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jabbari Nasir</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хасан Джаббари Насир– научный сотрудник </p><p>1666914711, Иран, г. Тегеран, ул. Пасдаран, ул. Момен нежад, Д. 124</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hasan Jabbari Nasir– research associate of IRI’s </p><p>1666914711, Tehran, Pasdaran street, Momen Nejad street, no 124</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hjabbarinasir@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный институт социальных и культурных исследований<country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Institute for Cultural and Social Studies<country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5(56)</issue><fpage>183</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Джаббари Насир Х., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джаббари Насир Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jabbari Nasir H.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/678">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/678</self-uri><abstract><p>В рамках теорий международных отношений мирополитической роли религии не уделяется должного внимания. Однако, с учётом последних преобразований политического ислама и его воздействия на глобальную безопасность на национальном и международном уровнях религия стала играть более важную роль. Поэтому встаёт вопрос о необходимости теоретического изучения проблем безопасности и насилия с учётом религиозного-идеологического компонента. Удобную теоретическую платформу в этом контексте представляет конструктивистская теория.</p><p>В исламских обществах до XIX в. традиционный ислам присутствовал в качестве веры и социальной модели, но не имел формы отдельной политической культуры. Однако с ростом противоречий с Западом, проблем, вызванных отсталостью общества и колонизацией, существованием в исламских странах диктаторских режимов, ислам стал трансформироваться, приобретать политическое измерение.</p><p>В результате прогресса средств коммуникации и долгого процесса самоидентификации народов в некоторых странах сформировалась исламская политическая культура. На её основе возникла новая радикальная идентичность, которая критикует, а в некоторых случаях даже отрицает существующие нормы и принципы традиционного ислама. Иными словами, избирательно обращаясь к Корану и Сунне, радикальные исламисты стремятся к созданию своего «идеального» международного общества. В этой связи возникает связь между политическим исламом, терроризмом и глобализацией проблем безопасности Ближневосточного региона.</p><p>Неосалафиты превратили традиционную идею локального джихада в идею всемирного джихада, то есть стремятся обеспечить безопасность своего международного сообщества путём конфликта с другими политическими культурами и системами. Это стало настоящим вызовом для порядка и безопасности на Ближнем Востоке и на международной арене в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with the problem of politicizing Islam. The author states that Salafits’s approach to political domain of social being is at odds with original Islam. The article uses historical analysis in order to demonstrate different stages of politicizing Islam. The author also uses constructivist approach to show how radical Islamic ideologies are constructed.</p><p>Until 19th century, Islam was a set of beliefs and social model but had no status of political system. However, due to externaland internal it gradually embarked on political path and started to acquire more active presence in various spheres of social life. Later new political culture was formed that constructed a new radical identity criticizing and even denying the existing norms of traditional Islam. Departing from many political, economic and cultural norms and referring to the holy Koran and Sunnah, radical Islamists aspire to establish an “ideal” or “pure” international society.</p><p>The author concludes that the Neo-Salafists have transformed the traditional idea of jihad into an idea of global jihad and have made it their security manifesto. This leads to the globalizing effect which implies that regional security problems in theMiddle Eastare becoming the area of international community’s concern.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политический ислам</kwd><kwd>неосалафитский и такфиристский политический ислам</kwd><kwd>конструктивизм</kwd><kwd>терроризм</kwd><kwd>безопасность на Ближнем Востоке</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political Islam</kwd><kwd>Neo-Salafist and Takfirist political Islam</kwd><kwd>terrorism ideology</kwd><kwd>constructivist theory</kwd><kwd>security in the Middle East</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добаев И. Истоки терроризма на Ближнем и Среднем Востоке и факторы, определяющие его современную активизацию // Государственное и муниципальное управление. Ученые записки СКАГС. 2016. №2. 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