<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2017-2-53-24-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-684</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВЕТСКО-ИНДИЙСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ (1955 - 1971 гг.): РОЖДЕНИЕ ДРУЖБЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SOVIET-INDIAN RELATIONS (1955 - 1971): THE BIRTH OF A FRIENDSHIP</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунёв</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lounev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.и.н., профессор кафедры востоковедения,</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Historical Studies, professor of Department of oriental studies,</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">silounev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(53)</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лунёв С.И., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лунёв С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lounev S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/684">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/684</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена важнейшему этапу во взаимоотношениях нашей страны и Индии (вторая половина 1950-х – 1960-е гг.), когда были реализованы объективные факторы, способствовавшие превращению двух государств в естественных стратегических союзников. В работе проанализирована эволюция внешней политики СССР и Индии в упомянутый период и влияние экзогенных и эндогенных факторов на внешнеполитическую стратегию стран. Анализ единичного, особенного и общего в парастратегии двух государств позволяет получить новое знание в оценке направленности их геоэкономических и геополитических интересов, в выделении внутренних и внешних измерений, способствовавших / ограничивавших реализацию этих интересов. Рассматриваются основные подсистемы двусторонних отношений: политическая, экономическая, военно-политическая и культурно-цивилизационная – в их взаимосвязях. В ходе анализа политического блока изучались переговоры на высшем уровне, политические консультации по самому широкому кругу вопросов, сотрудничество между СССР и Индией по решению глобальных проблем, а также региональных (прежде всего, в отношении напряжённости в Южной Азии). Выявлялось значение становления «надпартийного» согласия в Индии, предметом которого с середины 1950-х гг. стал и внешнеполитический курс. Данный консенсус касается основных направлений и макрозадач, тогда как существуют расхождения в методах их достижения, что связано и с политико-идеологическими платформами различных сил, и, в первую очередь, с глобальными изменениями. При анализе советско-индийских экономических отношений особое внимание уделялось росту торгового оборота и изменению его структуры, сотрудничеству в сфере тяжёлой промышленности и энергетики, поставкам советских машин и оборудования. Исследовалось становление военно-политических взаимосвязей, которые зародились именно в указанный период, а в настоящий момент являются основной базой развития двусторонних отношений. При изучении культурной сферы было обращено внимание на определённую схожесть двух стран при всех колоссальных различиях цивилизаций: для них свойственен срединный путь цивилизационного развития, а духовность, имманентно присущая двум цивилизациям, противостоит материализму и духу потребительства развитых государств. Особым вопросом исследования стал анализ перемен на глобальном уровне международных отношений, который во многом определял эволюцию советско- индийских отношений.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The most important stage in the relations between the USSR and India is the second half of the 1950s and the 1960s, when the systemic factors led to the transformation of the two states into natural strategic allies. The article studies the evolution of Soviet and Indian foreign policies and the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on their strategies. The analysis of unique, special and universal aspects of the general strategy of two states reveals their geo-economic and geopolitical interests and conditions which promoted or limited the realization of these interests. All key subsystems of bilateral relations (political, economic, military-political and culturalcivilizational) are studied in their correlations. The analysis of the political parameters covers the summits, political consultations on a broad range of issues, cooperation between the USSR and India at the global and regional levels. The article focuses on the analysis of the global changes that largely determined the evolution of the Soviet-Indian relations. The significance of the formation of all-party consensus in India on foreign policy (from the middle of the 1950-s) is stressed. This concord concerns the main directions and macro objects, while there are differences in the methods of their achievement, which is linked both with different political and ideological platforms and with global changes in the world system. The analysis of Soviet-Indian economic relations covers the growth of trade turnover and changes in its structure, cooperation in the field of heavy industry and energy, the supply of Soviet machinery and equipment. Close military-political ties that is the cornerstone of the present bilateral relations originated in this period. At the same time it is necessary to point out the relative closeness of two countries in the sphere of cultural life (notwithstanding enormous differences of Russian and Indian civilizations): spiritualism as en immanent element of both cultures opposes materialism and consumerism of the developed world and multinational and multiconfessional composition of both countries brings them closer.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>Индия</kwd><kwd>двусторонние политические и экономические отношения</kwd><kwd>военные связи</kwd><kwd>Дж. Неру</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd><kwd>глобальный и региональный уровень</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>India</kwd><kwd>bilateral political and economic relations</kwd><kwd>military ties</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd><kwd>the global and regional levels</kwd><kwd>J. Nehru</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>China</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владимиров О.Е. Советско-китайские отношения в сороковых-восьмидесятых годах. М.: Международные отношения, 1984. 384 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladimirov O.E. Sovetsko-kitaiskie otnosheniia v sorokovykh-vos’midesiatykh godakh [Soviet-Chinese Relations in the Forties-Eighties years]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia Publ., 1984. 384 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горошко Г.Б. Борьба в Индии по вопросам внешней политики. 1957-1964. М.: Международные отношения, 1966. 144 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goroshko G.B. Bor’ba v Indii po voprosam vneshnei politiki. 1957-1964 [The Struggle in India on Foreign Policy’s Problems. 1957-1964]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia Publ., 1966. 144 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капица М.С. КНР: три десятилетия - три политики. М.: Политиздат, 1979. 576 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapitsa M. S. KNR: tri desiatiletiia - tri politiki [China: Three Decades - Three Policies]. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1979. 576 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Москаленко В.Н. Внешняя политика Пакистана (формирование и основные этапы). М.: ГРВЛ, 1984. 299 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moskalenko V. N. Vneshniaia politika Pakistana (formirovanie i osnovnye etapy) [Foreign Policy of Pakistan (Forming and Main Stages)]. Moscow, GRVL Publ., 1984. 299 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухамедова Д., Касымов А., Кутина М. Индия в борьбе против колониализма, за мир и сотрудничество между народами. Ташкент: Фан, 1967. 143 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhamedova D., Kasymov A., Kutina M. Indiia v bor’be protiv kolonializma, za mir i sotrudnichestvo mezhdu narodami [India in the Struggle against Colonialism, for Peace and Cooperation among Peoples]. Tashkent, Fan Publ., 1967. 143 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насенко Ю.П. Дж.Неру и внешняя политика Индии. М.: Наука, 1975. 381 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasenko Iu.P. Dzh. Neru i vneshniaia politika Indii [J. Nehru and Foreign Policy of India]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975. 381 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Некрасов А.Я. СССР и развивающиеся страны в ООН. М.: Международные отношения, 1970. 191 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekrasov A.Ia. SSSR i razvivaiushchiesia strany v OON [The USSR and Developing Countries in the UN]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1970. 191 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barghoorn F.C. The Soviet Cultural Offensive: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Soviet Foreign Policy Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960. 353 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barghoorn F.C. The Soviet Cultural Offensive: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Soviet Foreign Policy. Princeton, Princeton University Press Publ., 1960. 353 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berliner J. Soviet Economic Aid: The New Aid and Trade Policy in Under-Developed Countries. New York: Praeger, 1958. 252 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berliner J. Soviet Economic Aid: The New Aid and Trade Policy in Under-Developed Countries. New York, Praeger Publ., 1958. 252 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carter J.R. The Net Cost of Soviet Foreign Aid. New York: Praeger, 1971. 134 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carter J.R. The Net Cost of Soviet Foreign Aid. New York, Praeger Publ., 1971. 134 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chakravarty B. N. India Speeks to America. Calcutta: Orient Longmans, 1966. 209 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chakravarty B. N. India Speeks to America. Calcutta, Orient Longmans Publ., 1966. 209 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chopra V.D. India and the Socialist World, New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 1983. 258 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chopra V.D. India and the Socialist World. New Delhi, Allied Publ., 1983. 258 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dasgupta Ch. The Decision to Intervene: First Steps in India’s Grand Strategy in the 1971 War // Strategic Analysis. 2016. Vol. 40, № 4. Pp. 321-333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dasgupta Ch. The Decision to Intervene: First Steps in India’s Grand Strategy in the 1971 War. Strategic Analysis. 2016, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 321-333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunbar W. India in Transition. London: Sage, 1976. 80 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunbar W. India in Transition. London, Sage Publ., 1976. 80 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dutt V.P. India and China: The Past and the Future // International Studies. 2010. Vol. 47. No. 2–4. Pp. 403–412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dutt V.P. India and China: The Past and the Future. International Studies. 2010, vol. 47, no. 2–4. Pp. 403–412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dutt V.P. Indo-Soviet Relations: Convergence of Interests / Studies in Indo-Soviet Relations // Ed. by Chopra V.D. New Delhi: Patriot Publishers, 1986. Pp. 45-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dutt V.P. Indo-Soviet Relations: Convergence of Interests. Ed. by Chopra V.D. Studies in Indo-Soviet Relations. New Delhi, Patriot Publ., 1986. Pp. 45-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eldridge P.J. The Politics of Foreign Aid in India. New York: Schoken, 1970. 289 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eldridge P.J. The Politics of Foreign Aid in India. New York, Schoken Publ., 1970. 289 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galbraith J. K. Ambassador's Journal. A Personal Account of the Kennedy Years. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1969. 656 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galbraith J. K. Ambassador’s Journal. A Personal Account of the Kennedy Years. Boston, Houghton-Mifflin Publ., 1969. 656 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldman M. Soviet Foreign Aid. New York: Praeger, 1967. 265 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldman M. Soviet Foreign Aid. New York, Praeger Publ., 1967. 265 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harshe R. India’s Foreign Policy under Nehru and its Contemporary Relevance India’s Foreign Policy under Nehru and its Contemporary Relevance // Contemporary Perspectives. 2007. Vol. 1. No. 1. Pp. 33 – 45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harshe R. India’s Foreign Policy under Nehru and its Contemporary Relevance India’s Foreign Policy under Nehru and its Contemporary Relevance. Contemporary Perspectives, 2007, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 33 – 45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Imam Z. Ideology and Reality in Soviet Policy in Asia. Indo-Soviet Relations, 1947-60. Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 1975. 260 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Imam Z. Ideology and Reality in Soviet Policy in Asia. Indo-Soviet Relations, 1947-60. Delhi, Kalyani Publ., 1975. 260 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mastny V. The Soviet Union’s Partnership with India // Journal of Cold War Studies. 2010. Vol. 12, № 3. Pp. 50-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mastny V. The Soviet Union’s Partnership with India. Journal of Cold War Studies, 2010, vol. 12, no 3, pp. 50-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra G. Contours of Indo-Soviet Economic Cooperation. Delhi: Allied Publishers, 1978. 142 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra G. Contours of Indo-Soviet Economic Cooperation. Delhi, Allied Publ., 1978. 142 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajagopalan S. Indian Films in Soviet Cinemas: The Culture of Movie-Going after Stalin. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008. 242 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajagopalan S. Indian Films in Soviet Cinemas: The Culture of Movie-Going after Stalin. Bloomington, Indiana University Press Publ., 2008. 242 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sager P. Moscow's Hand in India. Bern: Swiss Eastern Institute, 1966. 224 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sager P. Moscow’s Hand in India. Bern, Swiss Eastern Institute Publ., 1966. 224 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilev V. Policy in the Soviet Bloc on Aid to Developing Countries. Paris: OECD, 1969. 106 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev V. Policy in the Soviet Bloc on Aid to Developing Countries. Paris, OECD Publ., 1969. 106 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vats B. Foreign Intrigue against India. Delhi: Aman Publishers, 1967. 299 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vats B. Foreign Intrigue against India. Delhi, Aman Publ., 1967. 299 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vibhakar J. A Model Relationship. 25 Years of Indo-Soviet Diplomatic Ties. New Delhi: Punjabi Publishers, 1972. 159 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vibhakar J. A Model Relationship. 25 Years of Indo-Soviet Diplomatic Ties. New Delhi, Punjabi Publ., 1972. 159 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
