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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2017-3-54-123-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СССР И «НОВАЯ ВОСТОЧНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА» ФРГ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE USSR AND FRG’S “NEW OSTPOLITIK”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филитов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filitov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филитов Алексей Митрофанович – д.и.н., главный научный сотрудник;</p><p>профессор,</p><p>119334 Москва, Ленинский пр., 32 а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey M. Filitov – Doctor of History, Chief Research Associate;</p><p>Professor,</p><p>119334, Moscow, Leninski Prospect 32 a</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт всеобщей истории РАН;&#13;
Российский государственный гуманитарный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Science;&#13;
Russian State University for Humanities (RGGU)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(54)</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Филитов А.М., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филитов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filitov A.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/703">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/703</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья исследует изменения во взаимном восприятии между СССР и ФРГ с середины 60-х до начала 70-х гг. ХХ в., которые стали предпосылкой разрядки в их взаимоотношениях. Документальной основой статьи являются фонды Архива внешней политики Российской Федерации, ранее не вводившиеся в научный оборот. Автор отмечает значение инициатив, предпринимавшихся Вилли Брандтом, – вначале на посту министра иностранных дел в 1966–1969 гг., а затем федерального канцлера – по выходу из тупика, созданного деятельностью предшествовавших руководителей внешней политики Бонна. Констатируется, что эти инициативы находили позитивный отклик с советской стороны. Определённый откат в режим конфронтации произошёл в условиях чехословацкого кризиса 1968 года («Пражская весна»), однако его влияние оказалось сравнительно кратковременным. С приходом к власти социал-либеральной коалиции в ФРГ (октябрь 1969 года) курс на разрядку приобрёл твёрдые очертания (присоединение к Договору о нераспространении ядерного оружия, одобрение идеи Общеевропейского совещания, начало переговоров с СССР), и процесс нормализации отношений Восток–Запад в Центральной Европе ускорился. Осложняющим его фактором были догматическиеустановки лидеров некоторых стран «социалистического содружества» (Польши и ГДР), а также отдельных представителей советской дипломатии. В этой связи критически рассматриваются попытки форсировать курс на «разграничение» германо-германских отношений в духе идеи о «двух немецких нациях». Вместе с тем, приводятся факты противостояния этим попыткам зарождавшегося в СССР гражданского общества (эпизод с интервью советского учёного-германиста Д.Е. Мельникова журналу «Шпигель» в начале 1970 г.). Позиции сторонников разрядки в СССР и ФРГ оказались достаточно сильными, что выразилось в заключении Московского договора 12 августа 1970 г., ставшего символом советско-западногерманского взаимопонимания. Исторический опыт преодоления «образа врага» в отношениях между Советским Союзом и ФРГ имеет практическую ценность для разрешения международных конфликтов современности.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article explores the changes in the mutual perceptions between the FRG and the USSR from mid-60s through early 70s of the 20th century, which became a precondition for the détente in their relationship. It is based largely on the analysis of the documents stored in the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation and recently released for the researchers. The author highlights the initiatives by Willy Brandt as a Foreign Minister in 1966–1969 and subsequently as a Federal Chancellor in breaking the deadlock in Bonn’s foreign policy created by his predecessors. It is emphasized that those initiatives found the positive response from the Soviet side. A reversal movement towards a regime of confrontation took place under conditions of the Czechoslovak crisis of 1968 (“Prague spring”), but its impact was rather short-lived. With the government of Social-Liberal coalition coming to power in October 1969, the Federal Republic’s course to the détente took the firmer contours (joining the Non-Proliferation Treaty, positive attitude to the All-European Conference, beginning the negotiations with the USSR), and the process of the normalization between West and East in the Central Europe accelerated. The complicating factor was the dogmatic positions taken by some leaders of “socialist community” countries (in Poland and GDR in particular) as well as by some representatives of the Soviet diplomatic corps. Critically scrutinized in this context are the attempts to promote the course towards the “fencing-off” in the German-German relations as dictated by the theory of “two German nations”. The examples of confronting those mindsets are cited – in particular, from the exponents of the nascent civil society in the USSR (the case of the “Spiegel” interview by the Soviet expert on Germany D.E. Melnikov in the first month of 1970). The positions of the détente supporters both in the USSR and in the FRG turned out to be strong enough for a conclusion of the Moscow Treaty on August 12, 1970,– a hall-mark of Soviet-West German rapprochement. The historical experience of overcoming the “enemy image” in the relationship between the Soviet Union and the FRG has a great practical value for the solution of the present-day international conflicts. </p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Новая восточная политика</kwd><kwd>общеевропейское совещание</kwd><kwd>Варшавский договор</kwd><kwd>переговоры об отказе от применения силы</kwd><kwd>«доктрина Ульбрихта (Гомулки)»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>New Eastern Policy</kwd><kwd>All-European Conference</kwd><kwd>Warsaw Treaty</kwd><kwd>Non-Use of Force Talks</kwd><kwd>“Ulbricht (or Gomulka) Doctrine”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев Р.Ф. СССР и ФРГ: прошлое и настоящее. Советско-западногерманские отношения 1955- 1080. М.: Политиздат, 1980. 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev R.F. 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