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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2017-6-57-132-142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-741</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЛИЖНИЙ ВОСТОК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MIDDLE EAST</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИСЛАМСКАЯ  ЭКОНОМИКА  В  «ИСЛАМСКОМ  ГОСУДАРСТВЕ»?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ISLAMIC  ECONOMY  IN  «ISLAMIC  STATE»:  IS  IT  POSSIBLE?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беккин</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekkin</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ренат Ирикович Беккин – доктор экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>  123001, Москва, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Renat I. Bekkin – D.Sc. in Economics, senior research fellow, the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>123001, Moscow, ul. Spiridonovka, 30/1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bekkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Африки РАН.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of African Studies.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6(57)</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беккин Р.И., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беккин Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekkin R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/741">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/741</self-uri><abstract><p>Принципы исламской экономики были сформулированы во второй половине 1940-х гг. учёными из Египта и Британской Индии. В 1970–1980-х гг. в ряде государств (Судане, Иране и Пакистане) были предприняты попытки исламизировать собственные финансовые системы. Однако во всех трёх странах эксперимент оказался неудачным. В дальнейшем в мусульманском мире уже не предпринимались попытки построить финансовую систему на принципах исламской экономики и финансов, однако интерес к применению отдельных институтов исламской экономики не угас. В статье рассматривается опыт реализации принципов исламской экономической доктрины при формировании «государственного» бюджета в террористическом образовании «Исламское государство» (ИГ)1. Автор анализирует вопрос, в чём состоят принципиальные различия между теоретическими построениями исламской экономики и их практической реализацией на территориях, подконтрольных ИГ. Фактически ИГ реализует совершенно иную концепцию исламской экономики и исламских финансов (фундаменталистскую), чем та, к применению которой стремились в целом ряде мусульманских стран (модернистскую). Рассматривая опыт применения исламской экономики в «Исламском государстве», автор статьи развивает свой тезис, высказанный в его ранних публикациях, о том, что не существует единой универсальной исламской экономической доктрины, которая могла бы с некоторыми модификациями применяться в любом обществе и в любой юрисдикции. Более того, различные интерпретации экономических положений шариата могут вступать в серьёзное противоречие друг с другом. На это, в частности, указывает опыт ИГ, где с помощью дозволенных мусульманским правом институтов пытаются легализовать незаконную с точки зрения шариата деятельность. Другой важной особенностью финансовой политики в ИГ является незначительный интерес к современным исламским финансовым институтам: банкам, страховым (такафул) компаниям и др. Автор объясняет это следующим: в своей попытке построить халифат, идеологи ИГ и их последователи следуют традиционалистской схеме, в которой нет места институтам, неизвестным в VII-XIII вв. Для традиционалистов такие институты, как исламские банки и др., сформировавшиеся во второй половине XX столетия, являются зачастую недозволенными нововведениями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Muslim scholars from Egypt and British India formulated the principles of Islamic economy in the second half of the 1940s. At the turn of the 1970s-1980s a number of countries (Sudan, Iran and Pakistan) attempted to Islamize their financial systems. However, in none of the three, the experiment was successful. Afterwards, the Muslim world has not undertaken to build a financial system based on the principles of Islamic economics and finance any more. However, interest in the application of individual institutions of the Islamic economy has not faded away. The article examines how the principles of Islamic economic doctrine were applied in the formation of the “state” budget in the terrorist entity “Islamic State” (IS). The author analyses the principal differences between the theoretical constructions of the Islamic economy and their practical implementation in the territories controlled by the IS. In fact, the IS implements a completely different concept of Islamic economy and Islamic finance (fundamentalist) from the one that was applied in a number of Muslim countries (modernist). Considering the practice of application of Islamic economic principles by the IS, the author of the article develops the thesis expressed in his earlier publications that there is no single universal Islamic economic doctrine that could be applied with some modifications in any society and in any jurisdiction. Moreover, the various interpretations of the economic provisions of Shariah can come into serious contradiction with each other. This is indicated, in particular, in the case of the IS, where, with the help of law-permitting institutions, they try to legalize activities that are illegal from the point of view of Shariah. Another important feature of the financial policy in the IS is the insignificant interest in modern Islamic financial institutions: banks, insurance (takaful) companies, etc. The author explains this as follows. In their attempt to build a caliphate, the ideologists of the IS and their followers take a traditionalist approach in which there is no place for institutions unknown in the 7th-13th centuries. For traditionalists, such institutions as Islamic banks, etc., formed in the second half of the XX century, are often unauthorized innovations (bida’).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>исламская экономика</kwd><kwd>закят</kwd><kwd>джизйа</kwd><kwd>золотой динар</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>“Islamic state”</kwd><kwd>Islamic economy</kwd><kwd>zakah</kwd><kwd>jizyah</kwd><kwd>gold dinar</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беккин Р.И. Золотой динар – вызов мировой финансовой системе или утопия? // Проблемы современной экономики. 2010. № 3 (35). С. 213-218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekkin R.I. Zolotoi dinar – vyzov mirovoi finansovoi systeme ili utopia? [The Gold dinar: a challenge to the global financial system or an Utopia?]. Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki, 2010, no. 3 (35), pp. 213-218. 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