<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2017-6-57-174-195</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-744</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ И ИНСТИТУТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IRNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОТ  ЗАВЫШЕННЫХ   ПРИТЯЗАНИЙ  К  СУРОВОЙ   ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ:  ПРОДВИЖЕНИЕ  ПРАВ  ЧЕЛОВЕКА  ЕВРОПЕЙСКИМ  СОЮЗОМ  В   СОВЕТЕ  ПО  ПРАВАМ  ЧЕЛОВЕКА  ООН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FROM  HIGH  ASPIRATIONS  TO  HARSH  REALITY:  EU  HUMAN  RIGHTS   PROMOTION  AT  THE  UN  HUMAN  RIGHTS  COUNCIL</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бояшов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyashov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий С. Бояшов – аспирант Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7/9, 199034. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly S. Boyashov – PhD student at the Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Russia;</p><p>Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße, 25, 33501, Germany.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.boyashov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет (Россия); Билефельдский университет (Германия).<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University;  Bielefeld University.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6(57)</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бояшов А.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бояшов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boyashov A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/744">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/744</self-uri><abstract><p>С 1990-х гг. притязания Европейского союза на роль «глобальной силы» в продвижении прав человека не знают границ. Это привело к повышенной активности ЕС в международных организациях. Тем не менее, эти притязания ЕС не находят практического отражения в Совете по правам человека ООН (СПЧ). В этом межгосударственном органе ЕС действует как скоординированный блок, что встречает противодействие иных региональных и политических коалиций. Оформившаяся система многополярного мира требует отказаться от нормативного подхода в исследованиях ЕС и прав человека. Статья предлагает и использует четыре индикатора для оценки продвижения ЕС прав человека: 1) конкретность упоминаний ООН или глобальной площадки (globalfora) в учредительных документах и нормативных актах ЕС; 2) степень внешней поддержки/противодействия приоритетам ЕС в СПЧ; 3) степень целостности внешнего представительства ЕС в СПЧ; 4) (не)противоречивость ЕС в определении приоритетов и методов их достижения в СПЧ. Многополярная система мира ставит под сомнение притязания ЕС на роль «глобальной силы» в продвижении прав человека. Способности ЕС продвигать свои приоритеты в СПЧ не безграничны, даже несмотря на широкую сеть дипломатических представительств государств-членов и НКО, комплексную систему представительства и координации действий, усиленное разделение полномочий среди государствчленов. «Большие государства» ЕС играют ведущую роль в этих процессах. Внутреннее несогласие ослабляет продвижение прав человека Союзом. Структурный контекст СПЧ ограничивает возможности ЕС в продвижении прав человека. Таким образом, ЕС становится менее заметным и громким в продвижении прав человека и вынужден искать пути выхода из этого положения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since 1990s the EU has been highly aspirational on its role in human rights promotion on a global scale, which has led to the EU’s proactive participation in international organizations. The Union identifies itself as ‘global human rights force’ but less and less acts in accordance with that identity at the UN HRC. At this intergovernmental body the EU acts as a smoothly coordinated block, which is contested by the other regional and political coalitions of states. The emerged multi-polar world system urges for a less normative analysis of EU human rights promotion. The article proposes and applies 4 measurable indicators to assess the EU actorness in human rights promotion: 1) explicitness of references to the UN or global fora in the EU primary law and secondary legislation related to human rights promotion; 2) degree of support/contestation for the EU objectives by other non-EU actors at the HRC; 3) degree of (in)cohesiveness of EU external representation at the HRC; 4) EU (in)consistency in formulating priorities and using instruments at the HRC. Multi-polar world system questions the EU high aspirations as ‘a global force’ in human rights promotion. The EU ability to use its instruments in human rights promotion is moderate even despite its enhanced burden sharing among the EU member states, a hybrid system of representation, a vast diplomatic and NGOs’ network. ‘Big’ states still play the leading role in this process. The internal disagreement among the EU member states weakens the EU human rights promotion. The UN HRC structural context limits the EU opportunity to promote human rights, therefore, the EU tries to be less loud and less visible.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>ООН</kwd><kwd>Совет по правам человека</kwd><kwd>система многополярного мира</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the European Union</kwd><kwd>Human Rights</kwd><kwd>the United Nations</kwd><kwd>the Human Rights Council</kwd><kwd>multi-polar world system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ajevski M. Fragmentation in International Human Rights Law — Beyond Conflict of Laws // Nordic Journal of Human Rights. 2014. Vol. 32, no. 2. Pp. 87-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajevski M. Fragmentation in International Human Rights Law — Beyond Conflict of Laws. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 2014, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 87-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bretherton Ch., Vogler J. The European Union as a Global Actor. London: Routledge. 2006. 288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bretherton Ch., Vogler J. The European Union as a Global Actor. London: Routledge. 2006. 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chané A., Sharma A. Universal Human Rights? Exploring Contestation and Consensus in the UN Human Rights Council // Human Rights &amp; International Legal Discourse. 2016. Vol. 10, no. 2. Pp. 219-247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chané A., Sharma A. Universal Human Rights? Exploring Contestation and Consensus in the UN Human Rights Council. Human Rights &amp; International Legal Discourse, 2016, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 219-247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gstöhl S.’Patchwork Power’ Europe: The EU’s Representation in International Institutions // European Foreign Affairs Review. 2009. Vol. 14, no. 3. Pp. 385-403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gstöhl S.’Patchwork Power’ Europe: The EU’s Representation in International Institutions. European Foreign Affairs Review, 2009, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 385-403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haasz V. Jaraczewski J. Podstawa K. Human Rights Policy Toolbox. Factsheet No 1. Diplomatic Tools. European Commission. FRAME Project. 2017. 77 p. [Электронный ресурс]. [Электронный ресурс] URL: http:// www.fp7-frame.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Deliverable-14.3.pdf (дата обращения: 22.10.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haasz V. Jaraczewski J. Podstawa K. Human Rights Policy Toolbox. Factsheet No 1. Diplomatic Tools. European Commission. FRAME Project. 2017. 77 p. [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.fp7-frame.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Deliverable-14.3.pdf (accessed 22.10.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Human Rights Watch. 2017. The Costs of International Advocacy. China’s Interference in United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms. HRW. 123 p. [Электронный ресурс]. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https:// www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/chinaun0917_web.pdf (дата обращения: 22.10.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Human Rights Watch. 2017. The Costs of International Advocacy. China’s Interference in United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms. HRW, printed in U.S.A. 123 p. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/chinaun0917_web.pdf (accessed 22.10.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jørgensen K. A Multilateralist Role for the EU. The European Union’s Roles in International Politics: Concepts and Analysis. Ed. by Elgstrøm O., Smith M. London, Frank Cass Publ., 2006. Pp. 30-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jørgensen K. A Multilateralist Role for the EU. The European Union’s Roles in International Politics: Concepts and Analysis. Ed. by Elgstrøm O., Smith M. London, Frank Cass Publ., 2006. Pp. 30-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kutejnikov A. Vektory izmenenij i sovremennoe sostojanie OON. K 70-letiju Ob”edinennyj Nacij [Pathways of Change and the Current UN Status] // Mezhdunarodnye protsessy. 2015. Vol. 13, no. 4 (43). Pp. 20-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutejnikov A. Vektory izmenenij i sovremennoe sostojanie OON. K 70-letiju Ob”edinennyj Nacij [Pathways of Change and the Current UN Status]. Mezhdunarodnye protsessy, 2015, vol. 13, no. 4 (43), pp. 20-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laatikainen K., Smith K. Introduction: The Multilateral Politics of UN Diplomacy // The Hague Journal of Diplomacy. 2017. Vol. 12, no. 1. Pp. 1-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laatikainen K., Smith K. Introduction: The Multilateral Politics of UN Diplomacy. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 2017, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niemann A., Bretherton Ch. EU External Policy at the Crossroads: The Challenge of Actorness and Effectiveness // International Relations. 2013. Vol. 27, no. 3. Pp. 261-275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niemann A., Bretherton Ch. EU External Policy at the Crossroads: The Challenge of Actorness and Effectiveness. International Relations, 2013, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 261-275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt M. The Position of the European Union in the United Nations: a United Nations Perspective. The European Union in International Organisations and Global Governance. Ed. by Kaddous Ch. Oxford, Hart Publ., 2015. Pp. 35-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt M. The Position of the European Union in the United Nations: a United Nations Perspective. The European Union in International Organisations and Global Governance. Ed. by Kaddous Ch. Oxford, Hart Publ., 2015. Pp. 3544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith K. The European Union at the Human Rights Council: speaking with one voice but having little influence // Journal of European Public Policy. 2010. Vol. 17, no. 2. Pp. 224-241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith K. The European Union at the Human Rights Council: speaking with one voice but having little influence. Journal of European Public Policy, 2010, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 224-241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith K. The European Union and the Politics of Legitimisation at the United Nations // European Foreign Affairs Review. 2013. Vol. 18, no. 1. Pp. 63-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith K. The European Union and the Politics of Legitimisation at the United Nations. European Foreign Affairs Review, 2013, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 63-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith K. The EU as a diplomatic actor in the field of human rights. The European Union as a Diplomatic Actor. The European Union in international affairs. Ed. by Koops J. Macaj Gj. London, Palgrave Macmillan Publ., 2014. Pp. 155-177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith K. The EU as a diplomatic actor in the field of human rights. The European Union as a Diplomatic Actor. The European Union in international affairs. Ed. by Koops J. Macaj Gj. London, Palgrave Macmillan Publ., 2014. Pp. 155177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith K. EU Member States at the UN: A Case of Europeanization arrested? // Journal of Common Market Studies. 2017. Vol. 55, no. 3. Pp. 628-644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith K. EU Member States at the UN: A Case of Europeanization arrested? Journal of Common Market Studies, 2017, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 628-644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trunov F. FRG kak centr vlijanija v mnogopoljarnom mire: Osobennosti podhoda k ispol’zovaniju sily [Germany as a center of influence in multi-polar world: particularities of the approach to the use of force] // Aktual’nye problemy Evropy. 2017, no. 1. Pp. 185-206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trunov F. FRG kak centr vlijanija v mnogopoljarnom mire: Osobennosti podhoda k ispol’zovaniju sily [Germany as a center of influence in multi-polar world: particularities of the approach to the use of force]. Aktual’nye problemy Evropy, 2017, no. 1, pp. 185-206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuominen H. The Role of the European Union at the United Nations Human Rights Council. Academic Dissertation, Helsinki, Unigrafia, 2016. 202 p. [Электронный ресурс]. [Электронный ресурс] URL: http:// urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-2184-4 (дата обращения: 22.10.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuominen H. The Role of the European Union at the United Nations Human Rights Council. Academic Dissertation, Helsinki, Unigrafia, 2016. 202 p. [Электронный ресурс] URL: http:// urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-2184-4 (accessed 22.10.2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wouters J. Chané A. Brussels Meets Westphalia: The European Union and the United Nations. The European Union’s External Action in Times of Crisis. Ed. by Eeckhout P., Lopez-Escudero M. Oxford, Hart Publ., 2016. Pp. 299323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wouters J. Chané A. Brussels Meets Westphalia: The European Union and the United Nations. The European Union’s External Action in Times of Crisis. Ed. by Eeckhout P., Lopez-Escudero M. Oxford, Hart Publ., 2016. Pp. 299-323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wouters J., Chané A., Ramopoulos Th. Improving the European Union’s Status in the United Nations and the UN System: An Objective Without a Strategy?”. Ed. by Ch. Kaddous. The European Union in International Organisations and Global Governance. Oxford, Hart Publ., 2015. Pp. 45-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wouters J., Chané A., Ramopoulos Th. Improving the European Union’s Status in the United Nations and the UN System: An Objective Without a Strategy?”. Ed. by Ch. Kaddous. The European Union in International Organisations and Global Governance. Oxford, Hart Publ., 2015. Pp. 45-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wouters J., Meuwissen K. The European Union at the UN Human Rights Council: Multilateral Human Rights Protection Coming of Age? // European Journal of Human Rights. 2014, no. 2. Pp. 135-172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wouters J., Meuwissen K. The European Union at the UN Human Rights Council: Multilateral Human Rights Protection Coming of Age? European Journal of Human Rights, 2014, no. 2, pp. 135-172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaru D. Geurts Ch. Legal Framework of EU Participation in Global Human Rights Governance”. The European Union and Multilateral Governance. Ed. by J. Wouters, H. Bruyninckx, S. Basu, S. Schunz. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan Publ., 2012. Pp. 49-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaru D. Geurts Ch. Legal Framework of EU Participation in Global Human Rights Governance”. The European Union and Multilateral Governance. Ed. by J. Wouters, H. Bruyninckx, S. Basu, S. Schunz. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan Publ., 2012. Pp. 49-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
