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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2018-4-61-107-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-793</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПЛАТФОРМЕННЫЙ КАПИТАЛИЗМ КАК ИСТОЧНИК ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СВЕРХПРИБЫЛИ ЦИФРОВЫМИ РАНТЬЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PLATFORM CAPITALISM AS THE SOURCE OF DIGITAL RENTIER’S SUPERPROFIT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степнов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepnov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор, 125993 (ГСП-3), г. Москва, Ленинградский проспект, 49;</p><p>главный научный сотрудник, 117418, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Economics, Professor, 125993, Moscow, Leningradsky Prospekt, 49;</p><p>Research associate, 117418, Moscow, Nakhimovsky Prospect, 47</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepnoff@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальчук</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalchuk</surname><given-names>J. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор, 125993, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 4;</p><p>главный научный сотрудник, 117418, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Economics, Professor, 125993, Moscow, Volokolamskoe shosse, 4;</p><p>Research associate, 117418, Moscow, Nakhimovsky Prospect, 47</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fm-science@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации;&#13;
Институт проблем рынка Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Market Economy Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет);&#13;
Институт проблем рынка Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University);&#13;
Market Economy Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4(61)</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степнов И.М., Ковальчук Ю.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степнов И.М., Ковальчук Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepnov I.M., Kovalchuk J.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/793">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/793</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью критического осмысления цифровизации, присущей современному экономическому укладу. Сформулирована основанная на теории К. Маркса авторская гипотеза о преобладании платформенного капитализма в современных экономических взаимоотношениях. Авторы полагают, что понятие «цифровая экономика» не отражает сущности происходящих процессов с точки зрения теорий капиталистического развития, экономического взаимодействия, а также решения дилеммы координации и конкуренции в экономике. Существенные признаки идентификации современной экономики – это платформенность и распределённость, раскрывающие не технические решения, а особенности экономического взаимодействия и приоритет управленческих решений. Распределённость ориентирована на преимущества цифровой экономики в формате Small Data, опирающиеся на свободу рынка, рыночных отношений и независимость рыночных агентов; платформенность характеризует возможности цифровизации для сокращения трансакционных издержек и монетизации коммуникационных отношений. Определён ключевой признак платформенного капитализма – дизайн рынков («рынков соответствия» А. Рота), которые функционируют на основе цифровых платформ, обеспечивают коммуникацию и взаимодействие участников рынка. Выделены ключевые элементы, которые модернизируют классическое понимание капитализма: 1) перенос оказания услуг в новую среду – платформу, с максимально полным циклом, включая оплату; 2) изменение формы найма работников по оказанию услуг – через платформу, включая частичную занятость; 3) основной источник прибыли, как и объект эксплуатации, становится информационным, а затем и информационно-коммуникационным. Предложен оригинальный подход к идентификации платформенного капитализма как экономической системы, в которой экономические агенты осуществляют владение и распоряжение собственностью на основе платформ, перенося процесс организации производства на исполнителя, дистанцируясь от непосредственного участия в процессе производства и получая ренту от накопленных платформой информационных данных и коммуникационных решений. Исследование возможностей получения ренты от информации и каналов её распространения позволило выделить субъект инвестиционных отношений – цифрового рантье, получающего основной доход от вложений в объекты цифровой экономики – платформы, уже монетизировавшие полезность представленного функционала и данных. Авторы доказывают, что ограниченные возможности контроля над бизнесом приведут к тому, что ожидаемая норма доходности от цифровых платформенных вложений для рантье должна быть существенно выше, чем для акционера. Статья носит дискуссионный характер, положения и выводы требуют дальнейших исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The need for a critical understanding of digitalization in the modern economic structure led to the research relevance. The author’s hypothesis about the predominance of platform capitalism in modern economic relations based on K. Marx’s theory is formulated. The authors believe that the «digital economy» concept does not reflect the essence of the processes in terms of the theory of capitalist development, economic interaction, the dilemma solution of coordination and competition in the economy. Significant indications of the modern economy identification are the platforming and distributing, revealing not technical solutions, but features of economic interaction and priority of management decisions. The distributing is focused on the advantages of the Small Data digital economy, based on the market freedom, market relations and independence of market agents; the platforming characterizes the possibilities of digitalization to reduce transaction costs and monetization of communication relations. The key indication of platform capitalism is the markets design («design of matching markets» by A. Roth) that operate on the basis of digital platforms and provide communication and interaction of market participants. The key elements that modernize the classical understanding of capitalism are identified: 1) the transfer of services to a new sphere – the platform, with the max complete cycle, including payment; 2) the change in the form of hiring workers to provide services – through the platform, including part-time employment; 3) the main source of profit, as well as the object of the operation, becomes information, and then info-communication. An original approach to the identification of platform capitalism as an economic system in which economic agents carry out property ownership on the platforms basis, transferring the organizing process to the contractor, distancing themselves from direct participation in the process and receiving rent from the accumulated by the platform information data and communication solutions is proposed. The possibility of rent from information and channels of its distribution analysis allowed to identify the subject of investment relations – the digital rentier, which receives the main income from investments in the objects of the digital economy – platforms, which have already monetized the usefulness of the presented functionality and data. The authors proved that the limitations of the ability to business control should lead to the fact that the expected return rate from the digital platform’s investments of the rentier should be significantly higher than for the shareholder. The article is debatable, the provisions and conclusions require further research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>платформенный капитализм</kwd><kwd>цифровой рантье</kwd><kwd>цифровая платформа</kwd><kwd>рыночная власть цифровых платформ</kwd><kwd>проектное управление цифровой экономикой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>platform capitalism</kwd><kwd>digital rentier</kwd><kwd>digital platform</kwd><kwd>market power of digital platforms</kwd><kwd>project management of digital economy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ариели Д. Предсказуемая иррациональность. М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2010. 296 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arieli D. Predskazuemaya irracional’nost’ [Predictable irrationality Predictable irrationality]. Moscow, Mann, Ivanov i Ferber, 2010. 296 p. 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