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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2018-4-61-125-152</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-794</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«СОВЕСТЬ МИРА» ИЛИ «ЗАГОВОР МОЛЧАНИЯ»? К ГОДОВЩИНАМ ЭВИАНСКОЙ И БЕРМУДСКОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>«THE CONSCIENCE OF THE WORLD» OR «CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE»? TO THE ANNIVERSARIES OF THE EVIAN AND BERMUDA CONFERENCES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ю.н., доцент кафедры международного права,</p><p>119454, г. Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of International Law,</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof.ivanovdv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.и.н., профессор кафедры востоковедения, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра ближневосточных исследований Института международных исследований,  </p><p>Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Oriental Studies, Leading Researcher, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Institute of International Studies, </p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avkrylov2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.и.н., доцент кафедры дипломатии,</p><p>Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Diplomacy,</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozov_v_m@mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печатнов</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechatnov</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.и.н., заслуженный деятель науки России, заведующий кафедрой истории и политики стран Европы и Америки,</p><p>Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Historical Sciences, Distinguished Scholar of the Russian Federation, Head of Department of History of European and American countries, </p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vopechatnov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скляров</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyarov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.и.н., доцент кафедры международных отношений и внешней политики России,</p><p>Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Historical Sciences, Senior lecturer at the Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia, </p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">redaktors@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шебалина</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shebalina</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры дипломатии,</p><p>Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MA in History, postgraduate student at Department of Diplomacy, </p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shebalina.e.o@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4(61)</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>152</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов Д.В., Крылов А.В., Морозов В.М., Печатнов В.О., Скляров С.А., Шебалина Е.О., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Д.В., Крылов А.В., Морозов В.М., Печатнов В.О., Скляров С.А., Шебалина Е.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov D.V., Krylov A.V., Morozov V.M., Pechatnov V.O., Sklyarov S.A., Shebalina E.O.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/794">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/794</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой основанный на новой научной литературе и архивных документах обширный анализ аспектов, связанных с Эвианской и Бермудской конференциями, среди которых фактор широко распространённого в Европе антисемитизма, продемонстрированного на примере ситуации с еврейскими мигрантами в Польше по документам полпредства СССР от 1923 г.; фактор сионизма, который привёл к разобщению еврейских организаций и даже к сотрудничеству некоторых из них с нацистами, а также международный нормативно-институциональный контекст проблемы беженцев в период работы двух конференций. Отдельно выделяется в целом положительная, но во многом ограниченная роль Ф. Рузвельта в деле спасения европейских евреев. Рузвельт и его ближайшее окружение не были горячими защитниками жертв Холокоста, но не были и безучастными свидетелями трагедии, сделав для еврейских иммигрантов больше, чем правительства других западных стран. Доказывается, что антисемитизм, сионизм и слабость международно-правовой базы оказались непреодолимыми препятствиями для решения проблемы еврейских беженцев. В частности, опровергается распространённое мнение о том, что лидеров еврейских организаций не допустили к участию в указанных выше конференциях. В действительности, занявшее лидирующие позиции в еврейских общинах мира сионистское движение проигнорировало эти конференции, посчитав их вредными в связи с тем, что Англия упорно отказывалась отменять Белую книгу от 1936 г., которая резко ограничивала еврейскую иммиграцию в Палестину. Лидеры сионистского движения оказывали помощь только тем беженцам, которые соглашались поселиться в Палестине.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article represents a complex and multifaceted analysis of different aspects related to the Evian and Bermuda conferences and is based on new scientific literature and archival documents. The aspects include such issues as prerequisites for conferences in the documents of the USSR Embassy in Poland as of 1923, historical and legal analysis of the activities and outcomes of conferences from the perspective of international legal regulation of forced population migration, the evolution of F. Roosevelt’s administration policy on the issue of Jewish immigration in the 1930s-1940s, as well as the reaction of the Jewish world to the conferences. In particular, V. Pechatnov analyzes the internal and external factors of American politics, public opinion, the personal role of President Roosevelt, the imperative of waging war against the Axis countries during the conferences. The author comes to the conclusion that Roosevelt administration and the president himself were not ardent advocates of the Holocaust victims, but they were not indifferent witnesses to the tragedy, doing for Jewish immigrants more than the governments of other Western countries. In his turn, D. Ivanov carries out a legal analysis of a number of international agreements on forced migration, adopted by states within the framework of the League of Nations, as well as the reasons for their low effectiveness. The author pays special attention to political events in Europe after Hitler coming to power. The author concludes that the unpreparedness of European states and the United States to accept ethnic Jews from German-occupied countries on their territory became one of the reasons for their mass death. S. Sklyarov proves the thesis that the Evian and Bermuda conferences demonstrated the consistency of the policies of the 32 member countries, which ultimately resulted in European Jews being the victims of Holocaust. As an example of such consistency and its earlier manifestation, which did not take into account the hopelessness of the situation of Jewish refugees, are the events of 1923 in Poland. Researcher A. Krylov presents an alternative point of view on the participation of Jewish organizations in conferences. The author refutes the widespread opinion that the leaders of Jewish organizations were not allowed to participate in the above-mentioned conferences. In fact, the Zionist movement, which took the leading positions in the Jewish communities of the world, ignored these conferences, considering them harmful because of England’s persistent refusal to abolish the White Paper of 1936, which restricted Jewish immigration to Palestine. The leaders of the Zionist movement provided assistance only to those refugees who agreed to settle in Palestine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беженцы в международном праве</kwd><kwd>проблема еврейских беженцев</kwd><kwd>Холокост</kwd><kwd>Лига Наций</kwd><kwd>вынужденная миграция</kwd><kwd>Эвианская конференция 1938 г.</kwd><kwd>Бермудская конференция 1943 г.</kwd><kwd>Рузвельт</kwd><kwd>международный сионизм</kwd><kwd>нацизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>refugees under international law</kwd><kwd>the problem of Jewish refugees</kwd><kwd>League of Nations</kwd><kwd>forced migration</kwd><kwd>Evian Conference of 1938</kwd><kwd>Bermuda Conference of 1943</kwd><kwd>Holocaust</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>Franklin Roosevelt</kwd><kwd>international Zionism</kwd><kwd>Nazism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вершинин А. 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