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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2019-1-64-59-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. История и теория международных отношений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. History and Theory of International Relations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимоотношения в треугольнике США – СССР – КНР в конце периода разрядки международной напряжённости (1977– 1980 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Relations within «Triangle» USA – USSR – China at the End of Détente (1977–1980)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьёва</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тамара Альбертовна Воробьёва – кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры всеобщей истории и политических наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, ул. Московская, д. 36.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara A. Vorobyova – PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of General History and Political Sciences </p><p>Moskovskaya str., 36, 610000, Kirov, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">listak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнгблюд</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yungblud</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерий Теодорович Юнгблюд – доктор исторических наук, профессор, президент </p><p>610000, г. Киров, ул. Московская, д. 36.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery T. Yungblud – Doctor of History, Professor, President </p><p>Moskovskaya str., 36, 610000, Kirov, Russia</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yungblud@vyatsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Вятский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vyatka State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(64)</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воробьёва Т.А., Юнгблюд В.Т., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воробьёва Т.А., Юнгблюд В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vorobyova T.A., Yungblud V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/870">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/870</self-uri><abstract><p>Период разрядки международной напряжённости, как правило, связывают со снижением уровня конфронтационности в американо-советских отношениях, подписанием договоров об ограничении стратегических вооружений и средств противоракетной обороны, развитием торгово-экономических отношений, научных и культурных обменов. Другой гранью разрядки принято считать укрепление безопасности в Европе.</p><p>При таком подходе разрядка (détente) рассматривается как альтернатива холодной войне, а её завершение – как упущенная возможность развития международных отношений в направлении безопасного мира, в котором действуют механизмы гармонизации интересов как великих держав, так и всех членов мирового сообщества.</p><p>В настоящей статье рассматривается история отношений в треугольнике США – СССР – Китай в 1977–1980 гг., когда в США у власти находилась администрация Дж. Картера. Эволюция подходов Вашингтона к формированию своей внешнеполитической стратегии и включению в неё политики в отношении СССР и Китая в те годы шла на фоне выраженного советско-китайского антагонизма. В действиях администрации Картера в первые месяцы её пребывания у власти не просматривалось чёткого плана, имело место острое соперничество между отдельными политическими деятелями (в первую очередь, С. Вэнсом и Зб.Бжезинским) за влияние на президента, которые отстаивали разные сценарии развития американо-советских и американо-китайских отношений. На всём протяжении президентства Картера руководство США максимально использовало фактор напряжённости в отношениях Москвы и Пекина. Каждый участник трёхсторонних отношений последовательно проводил собственный курс, направленный на достижение односторонних выгод. Попыток наладить трёхсторонний диалог с согласованной повесткой не предпринималось. Процессы разрядки практически не затронули комплекс международных проблем, существовавших в рамках американо-советско-китайского треугольника. Более того, использование Вашингтоном «китайской карты» препятствовало снижению напряжённости в американо-советских отношениях и свидетельствовало о сохранении в планировании и осуществлении внешней политики США идей и дипломатических приёмов, характерных для холодной войны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The period of détente is usually associated with a decrease of confrontation in US-Soviet relations, the signing of agreements on the limitation of strategic weapons and anti-missile defense systems and the development of trade and economic relations, scientific and cultural exchanges. Strengthening security in Europe is considered another facet of détente. From this perspective détente is viewed as an alternative to the Cold War, and the end of détente is seen as a missed opportunity to develop international relations in the direction of a secure world with working mechanisms for harmonizing the interests of both the great powers and other countries.</p><p>The article deals with the history of relations in the triangle USA – USSR – China in 1977– 1980. The evolution of Washington’s foreign policy strategy and the inclusion to it policies towards the USSR and China in these years came at the background of pronounced Soviet– Chinese antagonism. In the first months there was no clear plan in the actions of the Carter administration, there was a sharp rivalry for influence on the president between individual political figures (first of all – S. Vance and Zb. Brzezinski). They proposed different scenarios of the development of the US–Soviet and US – China relations. Throughout the Carter presidency, the US used as much as possible the tensions between Moscow and Beijing. In the framework of tripartite relations, each of the sides consistently pursued its own course aimed at achieving unilateral benefits. There were no attempts to establish a trilateral dialogue with an agreed agenda. The processes of détente practically did not affect the complex of international problems that existed within the American – Soviet – Chinese triangle. Moreover, Washington’s use of the «Chinese card» prevented the reduction of tensions in American–Soviet relations and strengthened the Cold War logic and methods in the planning and implementation of US foreign policy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разрядка международной напряжённости</kwd><kwd>американо-китайские отношения</kwd><kwd>советско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>ОСВ-2</kwd><kwd>администрация Картера</kwd><kwd>Зб. Бжезинский</kwd><kwd>С. Вэнс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Detente</kwd><kwd>Sino–American relations</kwd><kwd>Soviet–American relations</kwd><kwd>SALT II</kwd><kwd>Carter administration</kwd><kwd>Zb. Brzezinski</kwd><kwd>S. Vance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ/РГНФ (проект № 17-01-00330).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research / RHNF (project No. 17-01-00330 )</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барбашин И.В. Политические отношения США и КНР в оценках американских синологов: конец 60-х – 70-е гг. XX в.: автореф. дис. … канд. ист. н. М., 2002. 21 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbashin I. V. Politicheskie otnosheniia SShA i KNR v otsenkakh amerikanskikh sinologov: konets 60-kh – 70-e gg. XX v. 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