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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2019-2-65-86-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-924</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейтралитет Финляндии как часть её национальной идентичности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finland’s Neutrality as Part of Its National Identity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вежливцева</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vezhlivtseva</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Юрьевна Вежливцева – советник.</p><p>119200 Москва, Смоленская-Сенная пл., 32/34. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Y. Vezhlivtseva – counsellor.</p><p>119200 Moscow, Smolenskaya-Sennaya Sq. 32/34.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vestnik@mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(65)</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вежливцева Н.Ю., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вежливцева Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vezhlivtseva N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/924">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/924</self-uri><abstract><p>В контексте современных дискуссий о востребованности политики нейтралитета особый интерес представляет Финляндия. Распространено мнение, что её нейтралитет возник в годы холодной войны под воздействием прагматичной оценки возможностей для небольшой страны в контексте биполярной структуры международных отношений того времени. Военное неприсоединение Финляндии расценивается как вынужденное. В связи с этим после окончания холодной войны возникло ожидание неизбежного отказа от политики военного нейтралитета, а также уверенность в том, что принадлежность к западному сообществу является единственным возможным ориентиром. Однако курс Финляндии на военное неприсоединение и самостоятельную оборонную идентичность остается неизменным на протяжении уже практически трех десятилетий. Государственное руководство Финляндии проводит его при полной поддержке большинства населения страны. Сохранение нейтралитета несмотря на радикальное изменение системы международных отношений свидетельсвует, что причины не могут быть объяснены как рациональный политический выбор, а носят более сложный характер. Ряд финских исследователей рассматривает нейтралитет как часть национальной идентичности финнов. Используя данный подход, автор статьи анализирует формирование политики нейтралитета как части национальной идентичности в контексте исторического развития Финляндии на стыке Запада и Востока. Определяющее влияние на формирование финляндского государства и его внешнеполитический курс оказали Швеция и Россия. Пребывание в составе Швеции сформировало общественно-политическое устройство Финляндии и привило его жителям скандинавскую идентичность. России в свою очередь сыграла ключевую роль в становлении финского государства и предопределила восточный вектор его дальнейшей внешней политики. Благодаря этому сформировались предпосылки прагматичного, взаимовыгодного и добрососедского сосуществования российского и финского народов, взаимодополняемости восточного и западного векторов. В результате   Финляндия может претендовать на роль «моста» между Востоком и Западом, что даёт ей дополнительные преимущества в современной ситуации возрождения острой геополитической конкуренции между великими державами.</p><p>Автор статьи делает вывод о том, что сочетание западного и российского влияния сформировало предпосылки политики нейтралитета, которая, в свою очередь, заложила основу стабильной ориентации на военное неприсоединение Финляндии. Вывод о том, что нейтралитет как часть финской идентичности имеет глубокие исторические корни, позволяет оспорить утверждение о его ненужности в современных условиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines Finland's case within the framework of current discussions on the relevance of neutrality policy. It is widely believed that Finland's neutrality arose during the cold war as a result of a pragmatic assessment of the general world order at that time. The military non-alignment is regarded from this perspective as a rational and necessary policy for a small state in the bipolar world. After the cold war some politicians and researches argued that under the new conditions the policy of military neutrality is not relevant anymore and that belonging to the Western community is the only choice. However, Finland's military non-alignment policy and reliance on self-defense have remained unchanged for almost three decades. Finnish authorities have consistently pursued this line with a strong support of the majority of population. The reasons for that cannot be explained only as a rational political choice of a small state in certain geopolitical realities, the issue is more complex. Some Finnish researchers consider neutrality as part of the Finnish national identity. Using this approach, the author examines the genesis and development of neutrality policy as part of its national identity, which evolved at the junction of East and West. The article examines the influence of Sweden and Russia on the development of Finland’s statehood and its foreign policy. Sweden determined the political structures and inculcated Finns with the Scandinavian identity. The role of Russia in the beginning of Finnish statehood was crucial. It formed the subsequent Eastern vector of Finland’s foreign policy. The symbiosis of Western (Swedish) and Eastern (Russian) vectors gives Finland additional advantages, allowing a small state to claim the role of a «bridge-builder» between East and West. The author concludes that this complex combination has created the prerequisites for neutrality expressed in the policy of military non-alignment. Neutrality as a part of Finnish national identity has deep historical roots. It was born together with the Finnish statehood and has been staying with it despite all the changes in international environment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Внешнеполитический курс</kwd><kwd>добрососедские отношения</kwd><kwd>взаимовыгодное и прагматичное взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>северное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>политика военного неприсоединения</kwd><kwd>теория «моста»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Finland</kwd><kwd>Sweden</kwd><kwd>foreign policy</kwd><kwd>good neighborly relations</kwd><kwd>Northern cooperation</kwd><kwd>non-alignment</kwd><kwd>bridge-building</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронков Л.С. «Северное сотрудничество» и особенности североевропейской интеграции. 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