mgimoreviewВестник МГИМО-УниверситетаMGIMO Review of International Relations2071-81602541-9099MGIMO Universty Press10.24833/2071-8160-2019-2-65-136-158mgimoreview-927Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESПомощь развитию: опыт ПакистанаForeign Aid as a Factor of Development of Economy of the Developing State: The Experience of PakistanГалищеваН. В.GalistchevaN. V.

Наталья Валерьевна Галищева – д.э.н., заведующая кафедрой мировой экономики.

 

Natalia V. Galistcheva – Doctor of Science in Economics (Dr. Sc. oec. habil.), the head of the department of the World Economy.

76, Prospect Vernadskogo, 119454, Moscow.

galistcheva@yandex.ruМосковский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России.РоссияMoscow State Institute of International Relations (University).Russian Federation20192505201902(65)136158Copyright © Галищева Н.В., 20192019Галищева Н.В.Galistcheva N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/927

В настоящей статье на примере Пакистана проанализировано использование средств, поступающих по линии помощи развитию. Автор показывает преимущества и недостатки этого инструмента для развития национальной экономики, выделяет этапы его использования в 1990–2010-е гг. В статье показано, что в силу серьёзной ограниченности объёма национального капитала роль иностранной помощи в стимулировании развития пакистанской экономики всегда была весьма существенной.

Автор рассмотрела эффективность использования помощи в период развития экономики Пакистана по модели импортозамещения и проанализировала масштабы, условия и формы предоставления помощи на современном этапе. Приведены статистические данные по динамике средств, поступивших по каналам иностранной помощи. Автор выявила тенденцию к смещению условий предоставления помощи с грантов на льготные кредиты, что приводит к росту объёма внешней задолженности страны.

Исследование проведено на основе системного подхода к изучению экономики и инвестиционной политики с использованием базовых методов научного познания, таких как индукция и дедукция, анализ и синтез. Влияние иностранной помощи на экономический рост оценено по методике М.А. Рахмана.

The aim of this study is to analyze the use of foreign aid for stimulating economic development using the case of Pakistan and to find out advantages and disadvantages of raising national financial resources through foreign aid. The article analyzes the evolution of the policy of attracting financial resources through this channel, as well as the main Pakistani donors and their conditions.

The author uses the most representative theories which consider the consequences of attracting foreign assistance to the national economy making the theoretical basis of the study a synthesis of the concept of aid as the most important factor to stimulate development and M.A. Rahman’s approach to determining an impact of foreign aid inflows on economic growth. The article emphasizes that foreign aid has always been very significant in stimulating the development of the Pakistani economy due to the serious limitation of the volume of national capital since its independence. The author considers the effectiveness of assistance provided to Pakistan during the import substitution period of its economic policy. The construction of large objects of heavy industries and infrastructure in various regions of the country was financed from external resources.

The article also analyzes the current volume, conditions and forms of foreign assistance provided to Pakistan. The author considers the main donors of the Pakistani economy in the 1990s and 2010s and reveals the tendency of shifting the terms of aid’s allocation from grants to concessional loans, which inevitably leads to an increase in the volume of the country's external debt.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.