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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГИМО-Университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MGIMO Review of International Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8160</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO Universty Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-131-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoreview-966</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ. Глокализация</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. Glocalization</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фискальное регулирование ЕС и консолидация бюджета в странах Вишеградской группы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EU fiscal governance and budget consolidation in Visegrád countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарова</surname><given-names>Ж. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarova</surname><given-names>Zh. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., доцент кафедры мировой экономики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics, Associate Professor at the World Economy Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeanne.25@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры мировой экономики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer at the World Economy Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeev-ea@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(66)</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комиссарова Ж.Н., Сергеев Е.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комиссарова Ж.Н., Сергеев Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komissarova Z.N., Sergeev E.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/966">https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/966</self-uri><abstract><p>Посткризисные мероприятия по консолидации бюджетов в странах Вишеградской группы (Венгрии, Словакии, Польше и Чехии) отличались тем, что имели во многом вынужденный характер и были осуществлены под воздействием наднационального фискального регулирования ЕС. Поскольку стабилизацию в этих странах можно считать завершённой, научный интерес представляет изучение их опыта и оценка эффективности политики фискального сжатия. Исходя из дескриптивно-статистического анализа, можно утверждать, что эффективность наднационального воздействия на национальные бюджеты стран Вишеградской четвёрки достаточно высока, так как все страны группы осуществили крупную по масштабам консолидацию бюджета (во многом эта эффективность объясняется опасениями потерять значительную часть поступлений из структурных фондов ЕС). Венгрия, Словакия, Польша и Чехия провели разные по масштабу, структуре и набору мер консолидации, однако в них можно выделить ряд общих черт. Правительства опирались преимущественно на увеличение косвенных налогов ввиду их менее искажающего (по сравнению с прямым налогообложением) характера в условиях структурных характеристик налогово-бюджетных систем стран Центрально-Восточной Европы. Сокращая расходы бюджета, страны стремились использовать наиболее эффективные инструменты (сокращение зарплат в госсекторе и пр.). Также можно отметить действие ряда побочных факторов, например, нахождение за пределами валютного союза (кроме Словакии), что облегчило задачу сокращения госдолга (за счёт эффекта монетизации). В целом следует обратить внимание на достаточно формальный характер консолидационных мероприятий (страны не пошли на масштабные структурные реформы), что доказывает полная (Венгрия) или частичная (Польша) национализация пенсионных систем для увеличения поступлений в консолидированный бюджет. После завершения консолидации общая структура налогово-бюджетных систем и уровень налоговой нагрузки в странах Вишеградской группы изменились незначительно. В то же время странам удалось снизить дефицит госбюджета, что говорит о достаточно высокой номинальной эффективности консолидации (хотя совокупное снижение дефицита не сопровождалось ощутимым сокращением госдолга и оказалось в несколько раз меньше кумулятивных трансфертов из бюджета ЕС). О потенциальной и реальной эффективности консолидаций говорит также восстановление темпов прироста ВВП, экспорта и доверия инвесторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Budget consolidations in Visegrád countries, which followed European financial and debt crisis, were mainly driven by external factors such as EU fiscal governance. Since the Visegrád countries have accomplished their consolidation effort, it seems topical to study their experience and assess the efficiency of consolidation measures. Involving descriptive statistical analysis, the authors posit that supranational impact on national budgets of Visegrád countries was quite efficient, as all economies concerned have accomplished a relatively sizeable fiscal consolidation. This happened largely due to the fact that the governments did not intend to lose vast amounts of funds from the EU budget. Such an option was quite feasible as a part of possible sanctions related to excessive deficit. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic run different consolidations as to scale, structure and measures taken, though one could highlight some similarities. On the one hand, consolidations were to a great extent carried out through the means of indirect taxation, because they have a less distortive nature, given the structural characteristics of countries at issue. On the other hand, the governments refrained from raising direct taxes due to their distortive character. Hungary was the only country, which took some active measures in the field of corporate taxation, and subsequently suffered from drop in tax collection. The Visegrád countries did cut government expenditures, but strived to use the most effective instruments such as curbing employment in public sector. Further, there were some subsidiary factors at place that influenced consolidation pace. For example, three of four Visegrád countries are not members of a currency union, which inter alia contributed to monetizing government debt. At the same time, some measures taken by the countries, were of a quite formal nature. For instance, Hungary totally nationalized pension system in order to increase budget revenues. Nevertheless, all Visegrád countries reached deficit target without any revolutionary changes to main fiscal aggregates, which means that consolidations were at least nominally effective. However, cumulative deficit change was not fully accompanied by lowering debt and was by several times less than cumulative transfers from the EU budget. At the same time the budget consolidations in Visegrád countries could be called efficient as GDP growth rates restored, as did investors’ confidence and exports.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефицит бюджета</kwd><kwd>налогово-бюджетная политика</kwd><kwd>фискальное регулирование</kwd><kwd>консолидация бюджета</kwd><kwd>Пакт стабильности и роста</kwd><kwd>Вишеградская группа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>budget deficit</kwd><kwd>fiscal policy</kwd><kwd>fiscal governance</kwd><kwd>budget consolidation</kwd><kwd>Growth and Stability Pact</kwd><kwd>Visegrád countries</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абель Э., Бернанке Б. Макроэкономика. 5-е изд. 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