Природные ресурсы и социально-экономический прогресс

В статье анализируются международные дебаты по проблемам развития ресурсных экономик. Обращается внимание на причины и механизмы так называемого "ресурсного проклятья" и признаки системных сбоев и застойных явлений в ресурсных экономиках, получивших название "голландской болезни". Особое внимание уделяется роли национальных элит и институтов в консервировании экономической отсталости и/или деиндустриализации стран, обладающих богатыми природными ресурсами. Автор рассматривает новые подходы к разрешению проблемы "ресурсного проклятья" в частности, возврат к традиционным инструментам экономической диверсификации, как индустриализация и протекционизм. Сегодня международные дебаты по индустриализации и роли промышленной политики государства возобновились с новой силой, во многом благодаря феномену Китая. Эта дискуссия была инициирована главным экономистом Всемирного банка Джастином Ифу Пином. В ней приняли участие многие известные экономисты, представители правительственных и межправительственных организаций и международного бизнеса. Анализируя итоги этой дискуссии, следует отметить, что, во-первых, участники дискуссии признали необходимость прямого участия государства в процессе развития и хозяйственной жизни. Во-вторых, они также признали факт, что рынок не смог решить проблемы экономической отсталости в большинстве развивающихся стран. В-третьих, они согласились с тем, что без индустриализации и защиты зарождающейся национальной промышленности (вплоть до введения протекционистских мер и субсидирования) слаборазвитые страны не смогут вырваться из ловушки нищеты и экономической отсталости. Более конкретно, Д. Родрик, Рикардо Хаусманн и Чарльз Сейбел предложили два типа промышленной политики для развивающихся стран: ограниченную и широкомасштабную [48].

структурные и системные проблемы развития, устойчивость экономической отсталости, многоукладность, рентоориентированное поведение, эффекты движения ресурсов, расходования, либерализации торговли, суверенные фонды

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