Исследование мирных преобразований в условиях отсутствия демократии: пример советско-китайского сообщества безопасности

Ряд учёных полагает, что обязательной предпосылкой образования плюралистического сообщества безопасности является наличие демократического режима. Автор данной статьи утверждает, что изучение проблемы сообществ безопасности не всегда может опираться на логику положений теории демократического мира. Безусловно, демократические ценности, нормы, институты и практики способствуют формированию сообщества безопасности, но они ни в коей мере не являются единственной гарантией осуществления мирных перемен. В то время, как многие эксперты в последнее время приходят к такому же выводу, на сегодняшний день пока не было установлено, почему недемократические режимы могут формировать сообщества безопасности. В данной работе получает развитие идея о том, что причинно-следственные связи, обычно характерные для формирования демократических сообществ безопасности, характерны в равной мере и для недемократических сообществ безопасности. Положения статьи подкрепляются эмпирическими данными, основанными на изучении исторического кейса советско-китайских отношений. В общем и целом, автор приходит к выводам о том, что 1) демократия не является обязательной (хотя, безусловно, в существенной мере способствующей) предпосылкой развития плюралистического сообщества безопасности, 2) плюралистическое сообщество безопасности может быть образовано между автократическими режимами и может быть основано на транслировании вовне недемократических норм, идеологической связи, наличии общего Другого (исходя из нормативной логики) и автократических внутренних ограничениях (исходя из институциональной логики).

демократические режимы, недемократические режимы, плюралистические сообщества безопасности, советско-китайские отношения, теория демократического мира

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