MGIMO EDUCATION MODEL
In the article the potential risks are discussed in connection with the programme of modernization put forward by the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev. The author argues that modern risk challenges are mainly due to the ambivalence of the process of innovations taking place in the development of science and technologists: their results are not only expected brining the wealth to people but some of them contain unanticipated consequences with new dangers. The problem of innovative approaches to the national security is analyzed in connection with new possibilities of risk management. The author also states that it is possible to overcome these risk challenges only developing creative humanistic thinking and conducting the preparation of specialists that are sociologists-riskologists and risk-managers. Кравченко С. А. 1.
The term «elitology» is a Russian innovation of the end of the 20th century. It was introduced to meet the needs of a complex discipline dealing with the elite phenomenon which integrates the achievements and methods of philosophy, political science, sociology, history, psychology, cultural studies. The article emphasizes the role of philosophy as the theoretical basis for solving elitological problems.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The article represents analysis of debate opened up in Germany over the proposal made by the RF President D. Medvedev on the newsecurity structure in Europe and сonclusion of an appropriate agreement. The author reviews reaction to this proposal received from officials and main political forceswhich determine the course of foreign activity ofGermany and elaborate its position on actual international issues.
This article reveals the mechanism of functioning of the multilateral diplomacy of the Latin American and Caribbean States on the subregional, regional level as well as in the biregional format and analizes the perspectives of the integrational processes in the Western hemisphere in the context of formation of a new world structure of the XXI century.
HISTORY
In this article the main attention of the author is devoted to the problem of the decisive influence of the Communist International and its tactic “the united workers front” (1921—1928) on the policy of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) towards the Labour Party, the British Congress of Trade-Unions and the first Labour Government (1924). The author also examines the influence of Comintern on the activity of the CPGB before parliament elections of 1922, 1923, 1924 and during the General Strike of 1926.
The two epic dates in Russian and Nothern Europe history. The article dwells on the interconnection of the two key moments in 18—19 centuries Russian history. The author shows interdependence of batlle near Poltava of 1709 and the Fredrikshamn peace treaty of 1809. The two drastically changed the Nothern Europe political landscape.
The author analyses state of the Russian study ofWWII and shows the scientifical unfoundedness of the so-called "new approach to the history". As author underlines, historians are to work out the scientific criteria to help the reader define scientific study and false, to defend history as a science, to prevent mass-media to do the contrary.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
The author examines the inconsistency between regulations currently in force and international law principles on the one hand and requirements of expediency and effectiveness of behavior of participants of international conflicts – on the other. The author reveals interconnections between the stability of individual international systems’ and global state-centric world system and conflicts and scenarios of interactions among actors of international conflicts.
The U.S. intellectual leadership in many spheres is rarely challenged nowadays. However it is secured not only through the ability to formulate a great amount of new ideas, including fundamental innovations, but perhaps even more due to the effective system for integration of intellectual products into practice. Nevertheless this is hardly a research issue for Russian scholars. The article is an attempt to take a closer look on design and behavior of principal channels and institutions, employed by American scholars and experts for participation in shaping national foreign policy.
LAW
On 1 January 1995 Austria became a member of the European Union. Austria’s accession to the EU constituted the most important transfer of jurisdiction in the history of the Federal Constitution. On this occasion the Austrian legislature passed an amendment to the Federal Constitution which provides for the participation of Austrian organs in the decision-making process of the European Union. The legal basis of Austria’s membership in the EU is the treaty on accession to the European Union and the special constitutional bill authorizing the competent authorities to ratify the treaty on accession. First of all, provisions on the election of Austrian members to the European Parliament were introduced by the amendment into the Constitution. Secondly, the amendment contains a procedure for participation of the Austrian lands and local governments in the decisions of the European Union. Thirdly, the legislative bodies on the central government level (National Council and Federal Council) are also accorded the right to participate in decision-making of the EU. Finally, a special provision confirming Austria’s participation in the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the Union was introduced.
SOCIOLOGY
The training game “Foreign policy of a state”, developed by the author in 2002, is presented in the article. Teaching techniques and ways of practical use of the game in special courses for international relations students of Far East State Technical University (Vladivostok, Russia) and Institute of Business and Law (Moscow, Russia) are examined. The author analyzes the results of his educational experiment from the perspective of competency building approach and proposes ways of wider use of the game “Foreign policy of a state” in order to develop professional competencies of graduate international relations students.
PHILOLOGY
The present article deals with the problem of the retranslation of the Bible in Christian tradition. The difference between Roman Catholic Church, Russian Orthodox Church and Protestant Churches is analyzed. Three main tendencies are postulated: 1) the return to the «right» text on sacred language and «purification» of the existing version; 2) striving for «modernization» – the transition from the traditional sacred language to the modern one; 3) the contamination of both tendencies, when the Bible is represented on «non-sacred» language, but the text is most archaized.
The author investigates a question of specific features of political discourse and, in particular, occurrences and functioning in its frames intertext as one of its indispensable components.
ECONOMICS
This article contains the analysis of the results of socioeconomic development of the Republic of Latvia over the five-year period after joining the EU, distinct characteristics of economic policy of its Government during the current world crisis, as well as the evaluation of perspectives of Russian-Latvian interaction.
Correlations between Russian and some world leading stock market indices were analyzed to assess a degree of global integration of Russian economy. For this purpose, a new method of time-shift asymmetric correlation analysis was used. The method helps identify which stock market sets the pace and which one follows the lead. The analysis showed a growing trend in global integration of Russian economy. Particularly, it was shown that Russian stock market is getting more correlated with the European stock market while the leading (pace making) role of the U.S. markets keeps growing in the recession of 2008.
NEW VISION
Comparative analysis of the Russian and the US initiatives. The article gives an outline of such a promising branch of international cooperation as cooperation in the sphere of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, in particularly its multilateral aspects – initiatives of States based on the multilateral principle of uses of nuclear power. The comparative analysis of the two large-scale initiatives in the field ofmultilateral approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle – these are the Russian initiative on the development of the Global infrastructure of nuclear energy and the American Global nuclear energy partnership –made in the article discloses the main principles of work of the abovementioned mechanisms of interaction as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The goal of such an analysis is to figure out which one has a greater potential for international security and future development of the nuclear energy sector.
Since its foundation Pakistan has passed a unique path of constitutional and legal development. Through this period 3 Constitutions were adopted, the latest, proclaimed in 1973, is still in force. It was amended for several times. These amendments changed the sense of Constitution drastically. The article analyzes 17 amendments of Pakistani constitution, legal consequences of their adoption, and patterns of constitutional and legal developments in Pakistan.
The article covers the problem of an adjusting the new generation of theories of revolutions to today’s Russian’s reality. It discovers, whether the main factors of revolutionary situation in Russia exist. The conclusion is that possibility of a great government crisis is significant, its dynamics and consequences are unpredictable.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
The author ponders on the causes of the crisis of democraticmodels in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Baltic states. Having analysed a complex of factors, she comes to the conclusion that the authoritarian transition of European peripheral countries in the interwar period (1918—1939) was appropriate. While all authoritarian regimes of the period in the region under study were characterized by three foundations of authoritarianism– Fuhrerprinzip, ideas of constructing nationstate and nationalism, specific traits allow to distinguish between three clusters of authoritarian regimes in the interwar Europe: military-bureaucratic, corporate (guild) and pre-totalitarian (fascist mobilization) ones. However, the main conclusion is: the complex economic, political and socio-cultural situation in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Baltic states aggravated by the consequences of globalization and world financial crisis is able to provoke recurrences of authoritarian transition.
Referring to Joseph Nye’s concept of «soft power» the authors examine training of national cadres for other countries as a factor of «soft power» of the Soviet Union and Russia. They note that before the collapse of the USSR 10.8 % of all international students studying abroad did it in the USSR. Almost 80 % of them were from Asia, Africa and Latin America. There was a significant fall in international education in Russia after the collapse of the USSR. At the same time the USA has secured the leading role in international education. International education is becoming a visible area for competition between states. In the 2000s Russia focuses on higher education again. Education has been declared a «national priority». Russia joined the Bologna process and by the year 2020 the financing of education is to reach the level of 7 % of GDP. Russia is battling to improve its image abroad and actively develops its higher education supply for foreign students and is promoting its role as the main educational center for CIS countries. In reality international education is mostly a potential for Russia as no clear program or structure to develop international education exists in the country.
ISSN 2541-9099 (Online)